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Outline the way in which Pavlov studied classical conditioning. [4 marks] - with answers:detail of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments into salivation reflex in dogs • knowledge of Pavlovian concepts in the context of Pavlov's experiments: $7.99   Add to cart

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Outline the way in which Pavlov studied classical conditioning. [4 marks] - with answers:detail of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments into salivation reflex in dogs • knowledge of Pavlovian concepts in the context of Pavlov's experiments:

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Outline the way in which Pavlov studied classical conditioning. [4 marks] - with answers:detail of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments into salivation reflex in dogs • knowledge of Pavlovian concepts in the context of Pavlov's experiments: unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus; u...

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  • September 28, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • ABA - Accredited Business Accountant/Advisor
  • ABA - Accredited Business Accountant/Advisor
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Psychology paper 2 2021
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, Outline the way in which Pavlov studied classical conditioning. [4 marks] - with answers:detail
of Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments into salivation reflex in dogs
• knowledge of Pavlovian concepts in the context of Pavlov's experiments: unconditioned
stimulus; conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response; conditioned response


• detail of Pavlovian theory - learning by association; temporal association/contiguity.


Some critics have said that Pavlov's studies may lack ecological validity.
What is meant by the term ecological validity? [2 marks] - with answers:the extent to which
behaviours observed and recorded in a study reflect the behaviours that actually occur in the real
world


Jemima and Lily are identical twins. Lily complains to Jemima, "I don't understand it. If we have
the same genes, how come you have clearer skin than me and are much better at netball?"
Jemima laughs and replies, "Lily, we may be identical twins, but we are not identical people."


your knowledge of genotype and phenotype, explain Lily's and Jemima's comments. [4 marks] -
with answers:• Lily and Jemima have identical genotypes (genotype refers to the genetic make-
up of an individual)


• Lily and Jemima do not have identical phenotypes (phenotype refers to the observable
characteristics of an individual as a result of their genotype and their environment)


• although Lily and Jemima have the same genes, Jemima might practice netball more or have
started lessons earlier than Lily, these environmental factors may make her better at netball


• although Lily and Jemima have the same genes, Jemima might have a different skin care
routine/diet/sun exposure/etc than Lily, these environmental factors may make her skin clearer
than Lily's


Lily and Jemima have a pet rat, which usually hides in a corner when they try to take it out box
of its cage. They have tried different ways to stop the rat hiding, but so far without success.

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