LING 115 MT 1 Study Guide
affricate - correct answer ✔✔a phoneme produced like a stop, but with slow release of the closure,
resulting in a fricative ending. The stop part and the fricative part have the same place of articulation (i.e.
they are homorganic segments).
approximant - correct answer ✔✔a sound that is produced by a slight narrowing of the vocal tract, but
not enough to cause noise or a complete obstruction.
aspiration - correct answer ✔✔the delay of vibration of the vocal cords after the production of a
voiceless consonant.
consonant - correct answer ✔✔a speech sound that is produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the oral cavity in some way. Segmental speech sounds that are not consonants are vowels or semi-
vowels.
diphthong - correct answer ✔✔a vowel whose quality changes significantly in one direction during its
pronunciation. e.g. [ai] in English 'wine'
fricative - correct answer ✔✔(consonant) (a manner of articulation) a consonant produced by passing
the air through a narrow passage with audible friction.
obstruent - correct answer ✔✔a plosive, a fricative, or an affricate, that is, any consonant where airflow
through the vocal tract is obstructed either completely or at least enough to create turbulence.
Obstruent is a name referring to consonants (stops and fricatives) that are produced by narrowing or
complete closure of the vocal tract; the air pressure is built up inside the cavity. Obstruents share the
feature [-son].
stop - correct answer ✔✔a manner of articulation, a consonant where air is held back when uttering it.
, vowel - correct answer ✔✔a speech sound in whose articulation the oral part of the breath channel is
not constricted enough to cause audible frication.
back - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced by retracting the body
of the tongue from its neutral position.
binary feature - correct answer ✔✔- there are two values
- can refer to both presence [+___] and absence [-___]
- vowel features
- vowel height, tone, stress
consonantal - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced with an
obstruction or a complete closure in the vocal tract.
continuant - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes phonemes that are produced without
complete closure in the vocal tract, allowing the air stream to continue. e.g. /h/
coronal - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced by raising the
tongue blade (including the tip of the tongue) from its neutral position towards the teeth or the hard
palate.
dorsal - correct answer ✔✔sounds involving the body of the tongue; this includes all vowels, velars, and
uvulars. In feature geometry, ______ is mother to the features back, high, and low.
gradient feature - correct answer ✔✔- interpreted in terms of binary features (vowel height, tone,
stress)
- e.g. / i , u / -> [ e , o ]
high - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced by raising the tongue
body from its neutral position.
affricate - correct answer ✔✔a phoneme produced like a stop, but with slow release of the closure,
resulting in a fricative ending. The stop part and the fricative part have the same place of articulation (i.e.
they are homorganic segments).
approximant - correct answer ✔✔a sound that is produced by a slight narrowing of the vocal tract, but
not enough to cause noise or a complete obstruction.
aspiration - correct answer ✔✔the delay of vibration of the vocal cords after the production of a
voiceless consonant.
consonant - correct answer ✔✔a speech sound that is produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the oral cavity in some way. Segmental speech sounds that are not consonants are vowels or semi-
vowels.
diphthong - correct answer ✔✔a vowel whose quality changes significantly in one direction during its
pronunciation. e.g. [ai] in English 'wine'
fricative - correct answer ✔✔(consonant) (a manner of articulation) a consonant produced by passing
the air through a narrow passage with audible friction.
obstruent - correct answer ✔✔a plosive, a fricative, or an affricate, that is, any consonant where airflow
through the vocal tract is obstructed either completely or at least enough to create turbulence.
Obstruent is a name referring to consonants (stops and fricatives) that are produced by narrowing or
complete closure of the vocal tract; the air pressure is built up inside the cavity. Obstruents share the
feature [-son].
stop - correct answer ✔✔a manner of articulation, a consonant where air is held back when uttering it.
, vowel - correct answer ✔✔a speech sound in whose articulation the oral part of the breath channel is
not constricted enough to cause audible frication.
back - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced by retracting the body
of the tongue from its neutral position.
binary feature - correct answer ✔✔- there are two values
- can refer to both presence [+___] and absence [-___]
- vowel features
- vowel height, tone, stress
consonantal - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced with an
obstruction or a complete closure in the vocal tract.
continuant - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes phonemes that are produced without
complete closure in the vocal tract, allowing the air stream to continue. e.g. /h/
coronal - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced by raising the
tongue blade (including the tip of the tongue) from its neutral position towards the teeth or the hard
palate.
dorsal - correct answer ✔✔sounds involving the body of the tongue; this includes all vowels, velars, and
uvulars. In feature geometry, ______ is mother to the features back, high, and low.
gradient feature - correct answer ✔✔- interpreted in terms of binary features (vowel height, tone,
stress)
- e.g. / i , u / -> [ e , o ]
high - correct answer ✔✔a feature which characterizes sounds that are produced by raising the tongue
body from its neutral position.
