NURS 617 EXAM 1 | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION |
PROFESSOR VERIFIED
The most common cause of hypoxic injury is:
a. chemical toxicity.
b. free radicals.
c. malnutrition.
d. ischemia. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. ischemia.
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a lack of oxygen. The most
common cause of this type of cell injury is ischemia, a decrease in
blood flow to the tissue.
The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
a. cell division.
b. plasma membrane thickness.
c. protein synthesis.
d. water accumulation. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. protein
synthesis.
Rationale: The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in
protein synthesis to produce larger, stronger muscle cells.
Tissue ischemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation result in:
a. cellular dehydration.
b. calcium accumulation outside the cell.
c. decreased ATP production.
,d. increased protein synthesis. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c.
decreased ATP production.
Rationale: A decrease in oxygen delivery results in a decrease in ATP
production.
Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are molecules in food that act as:
a. receptor blockers.
b. antioxidants.
c. poisons.
d. free radicals. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b. antioxidants.
Rationale: Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are antioxidants
that attract and neutralize unpaired electrons to protect against free
radical injury.
Which of the following molecules is likely to accumulate in any dead or
dying tissues?
a. Calcium
b. Uric acid
c. Melanin
d. Protein ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a. Calcium
Rationale: When calcium pumps fail due to mitochondrial injury,
calcium accumulates in the cytoplasm and contributes to irreversible
cellular injury and cell death.
Why is carbon monoxide exposure a life-threatening condition?
a. Carbon monoxide causes the release of toxic amounts of iron from the
tissues.
,b. Inhalation of carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen diffusion in the
lungs.
c. Carbon dioxide removal from the tissues is inhibited.
d. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin and prevents normal oxygen
transport to tissues. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. Carbon
monoxide binds to hemoglobin and prevents normal oxygen transport to
tissues.
Which of the following molecules accumulates in liver cells as a result of
alcohol abuse?
a. Fat (lipids)
b. Water
c. Iron
d. Protein ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a. Fat (lipids)
What are the primary factors contributing to oncosis from hypoxic injury?
a. Increase in ATP production and potassium movement out of the cell
b. Accumulation of lipids and pigments in the cell
c. Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
d. Decrease in ATP production and sodium movement into the cell ------
CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. Decrease in ATP production and
sodium movement into the cell
Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
a. phagocytosis.
b. stem cell activation.
c. enlargement of the uterus.
d. metaplasia. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. metaplasia.
, Which of the following is a form of metaplasia that can occur in the human
body?
a. Epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced with collagenous
connective tissue.
b. Adipose cells are replaced by cells that cannot store lipids.
c. Squamous epithelial cells of the esophageal lining are replaced by
glandular cells similar to those lining the stomach.
d. Liver cells are replaced by squamous epithelial cells. ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------c. Squamous epithelial cells of the esophageal lining
are replaced by glandular cells similar to those lining the stomach.
Free radicals directly injure cells by each of the following mechanisms
except:
a. DNA fragmentation.
b. lipid peroxidation.
c. activation of lysosomal enzymes.
d. alteration of proteins. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. activation
of lysosomal enzymes.
Restoration of oxygen to oxygen-deprived tissues results in:
a. chemical injury.
b. establishment of normal cell metabolism.
c. reperfusion injury.
d. hypoxic injury. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. reperfusion injury.
The process of cellular atrophy may be accomplished through which of the
following processes?
a. Decreased cell division
b. Loss of fluid
c. Formation of autophagic vacuoles
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