Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are microscopic entities that include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. This field is crucial for understanding the roles these organisms play in various ecosystems, including human health, agriculture, and environmental sustainability...
- Microbiology: study of very small organisms (microorganisms)
Microscop VVVC ic (Ch.3)
- Unable to see with the naked eye
Independent Units (Ch. 2, 4, 5, 6)
-
Complexity (CH. 4, 6)
- Less complex organisms, so they are able to multiply immensely
Rapid growth rates (Ch. 6)
Omnipresent (Chapters 6,7)
- Presence of microorganisms is controllable
- Are able to survive and be present almost anywhere
Why study Microbiology?
- This knowledge allows us to:
1. Prevent disease occurrence
2. Develop aseptic techniques to prevent contamination and the spread of disease
3. Prevent food spoilage
Chapter 1: An Overview of Microbiology
Two Kingdoms of Microbiology: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
PROkaryotes
- Pro= Pre(Greek for before) Karyote= Nucleus
- Freely floating DNA is in the nucleoid (region containing DNA) of the cell
- One circular molecule of DNA
- Genetic material (genome) free-floating chromosome (1 single chromosome)
- No organelles in the cell except ribosomes
- Cell walls have several complex layers to protect themselves, made up of
peptidoglycan
- Undergo cell division through Binary Fission (2 cells)
- One cell divides in the middle to become 2 cells
Types of Microorganisms (Subset of Prokaryotes)
- Archaea (ancient) bacteria
, - They are pathogens, and can cause disease , but they
dont because they are “walless”
- Can appear to have a wal “pseudowall”
- If they are walless, unable to survive in
enevironments
- Eubacteria, causes disease (ch.4)
- Eg: Listeria- can be spread through almond milk
- Symptoms of listeria: Nausea, vomiting, and
diahhrea
- Vulnerable demographics: infants, pregnant
women
- Whooping Cough (Bordetella)
- Can infect infants
- Symptoms: nonstop violent coughing, can cause
death
- Can it be prevented?- Yes!
- D-Tap
- Demographic that will be benefited from
booster dose: Adults (taken once in 10
years)
EUkaryotes
- Eu= True (Greek)
- All microbes are animal cells, human cell is the highest form of a human cell
- Karyotes = Nucleus
- The Nucleus contains genetic material: DNA
- DNA is contained in chromosomes in the cell
- Human cells contain 46 chromosomes, varies for other organisms
- Contains several organelles (Ex: ER, Golgi, Mitochondria, Ribosome)
- Ribosomes: protein synthesis
- Has no wall, less complex, contains a plasma membrane instead
- Cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis
- Types of microorganisms (from least to most complex)
- Fungi
- Algae
- Protozoa
- Ex: malaria
- Multicellular
- Parasites
- Human cells
Viruses are not eukaryotes or prokaryotes.
- Virsuses are all parasites, rely on mammalian cells to grow (ex human cells)
- Ex:
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