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BIOL 2460 Microbiology Exam Four - Dylan Parks
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Disease is a condition that damages or impairs normal structure and/or function.infection - ANSWER invasion of pathogen or parasite that causes disease.
Signs - ANSWER items that can be directly measured by the clinician.
symptoms - ANSWER things felt by the patient that cannot be objectively
assessed (for example, nausea).
Syndromes are collections of indications and symptoms that can suggest a
certain condition.
asymptomatic/subclinical - ANSWER-only signals can be discovered by proper
testing (ex: patient with herpes and no symptoms).
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) - ANSWER World Health
Organization codes used worldwide to identify and monitor diseases.
Infectious - illness caused by the direct influence of a pathogen.
communicable - An answer that can spread from person to person.
infectious - The answer is easily transmitted.
,Iatrogenic - ANSWER obtained as a result of a medical operation
nosocomial - ANSWER obtained from the hospital setting
zoonotic - obtained from an animal.
non-communicable - answer obtained from a non-living substance, such as soil
or polluted object
Non-infectious - ANSWER: Not caused by pathogen
ANSWER: Malaria is communicable
- Infectious
- Zoonotic
Sickle cell anaemia is non-communicable.
- not infectious (genetic)
5 stages of infectious illness - ANSWER 1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. illness
4. decline
5. convalescence
,Incubation is the initial admission of the pathogen; replication begins.
Prodromal - ANSWER replication continues; host displays signs and symptoms.
illness- ANSWER signs and symptoms are most severe in the host.
drop - ANSWER pathogen number begins to fall; the host's immune system is
weak and susceptible to secondary infection.
convalescence: ANSWER host begins to recover.
Acute disease has a relatively brief duration (hours, days, weeks).
chronic disease - ANSWER more time (months, years, lifetime)
ANSWER: latent disease occurs in episodes; the pathogen replicates when the
disease is active.
Koch's postulates are a series of conditions that must be completed to show that
X pathogen causes X disease.
Koch's postulates - ANSWER 1) The putative pathogen must be identified in all
cases of sickness but not in healthy people.
2) The suspected pathogen can be isolated and propagated in pure culture.
, 3) A healthy test subject infected with the suspected virus must exhibit the same
illness symptoms as described in postulate 1.
4) The pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and be identical to the
pathogen in postulate 2.
Koch's assumptions (WRONG) - ANSWER 1) Pathogens are only present in ill
people.
2) Every subject is equally susceptible to infection.
3) All pathogens can be cultured.
Molecular Koch's postulates—ANSWER detects gene instead of pathogen;
improved postulates that overcame some of Koch's limitations.
Limitations of Molecular Koch's Postulates: ANSWER 1. Some creatures
cannot be genetically manipulated using existing technology.
2. Some diseases don't have appropriate animal models.
Pathogenicity – The ability of a pathogen to produce disease.
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