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CCBC Nursing 160 Exam Two Prep Questions And Correct AnswersWhat is the term for all of the physical and chemical processes the body uses to
maintain itself through the break down, catabolism and build up, anabolism? - Answer
Metabolism
Does a change in metabolic function influence every system in the body? - Answer YES
its systemic!
Examples:
1. Nutrition: glucose control, how your diet can also affect thyroid.
2. Elimination: diarrhea or constipation with thyroid disorders.
3. Infection: Impaired production of proteins increases the susceptibility to infection.
4. Mobility: Neuropathy with diabetes.
5. Sensory Perception: Neuropathy and again, retinopathy with diabetes.
Why is the Endocrine System important? - Answer The endocrine system is essential for
metabolic function of the body, as well as to its adaptation to the changing environment.
Which of the following endocrine glands is considered the "master gland" because of its
influence on the secretion of hormones by OTHER endocrine glands? - Answer The
pituitary gland!
It is located on the underside of the brain and is divided into two lobes: the anterior and
posterior pituitary.
Which structure oversees this pituitary gland? - Answer The Hypothalamus.
,What are the other various anatomic structures involved in metabolic function? -Answer
1. Thyroid gland
2. Islets cells of the Pancreas
3. Adrenal Glands
4. Parathyroid Gland
5. Gonads: Testes and Ovaries
What is the chemical messenger in the body which causes a specific action? -Answer
HORMONES!
They are always present in variable amount according to needs which change with
changes in the environment.
What are some key aspects that should be included in the nursing assessment about
Metabolism? - Answer 1. *Height and weight*: ex, can be affected by growth hormone.
2. *Fat distribution*: ex, Cushings where fat is moved tp specific areas of the body such
as the face and between the shoulders-causing a hump-like appearance.
3. *Immunosuppression*.
4. *Vital Signs*.
4. *Musculoskeletal anomalies*: ex, acromegaly (a long-term condition in which there is
too much growth hormone and the body tissues get larger over time).
,5. *Head, face, neck anomalies*.
6. *Skin, nail and hair changes*: ex, with Hypothyroidism skin, nail, and hair changes
common with women over 40, 30% affected.
What system changes might the nurse expect to find on exam related to metabolic
disorders? - Answer 1. *Neuro changes*: ex, inability to regulate body temperature.
2. *Cardiovascular changes*: ex, diabetes can cause blood vessels to constrict.
3. *GI disturbances*.
4. *GU disturbances*.
5. *Reproductive problems*.
What are the risk factors as relates to metabolic disorders? - Answer 1. *Age*: ex,
anyone over 50 is more prone to *ALL METABOLIC DISORDERS*.
2. *Gender*: most metabolic disorders more common with FEMALES.
3. *Heredity*: ex, diabetes and thyroid disorders.
4. *Weight*: can be a BIG hint that a metabolic disorder is present.
5. *Environmental exposures*: ex, radiation exposure can damage thyroid function and
also can increase likelihood of thyroid cancer.
, 6 *Autoimmune disruption*: ex, Graves Disease-an autoimmune disorder that results in
overactivity of the thyroid gland-hyperthyroidism-or Hashimoto's-chronic thyroiditis that
causes swelling and/or inflammation of the thyroid gland that often results in lower
production of thyroid hormones-hypothyroidism.
7. *Ethnicity/Race*: ex, risk of some disorders is increased with specific ethnic groups
like African American WOMEN having an increased risk for diabetes.
What are some lifespan considerations that affect an individual's metabolic functioning?
Response 1. *Gerontological Changes*: ex, weight gain, fatigue, thinning hair-thyroid
and sex hormone issue and cognition changes-irritability.
2. *Changes in Children and Adolescents*: ex, "Precocious Puberty" where sexual and
physical characteristics happen earlier than normal-indicates something is wrong with
the sex hormones-prior to age 8 for girls and 9 for boys,
Hyperpituitarism-hypersecretion of pituitary hormones-can lead to gigantism, and
increased weight gain with children can lead to an increase occurrence of Type 2
Diabetes-80% of children who are overweight WILL develop Type 2.
What is Diabetes Mellitus? - Answer A chronic metabolic disease characterized by
INCREASED levels of blood glucose as a result of defects in insulin *secretion* and
insulin *action*.
Why has the incidence of diabetes increased in recent years? - Answer Because people
as a whole are getting larger (for Type 2 diabetes) and less mobile.
What is the KEY to decreasing the *incidence* of Diabetes Mellitus? Answer Prevention
[early identification of symptoms].
What is the key to minimizing the *cost* of care for Diabetes Mellitus? - Answer
Containment of complications! [Attainment and maintenance of rigorous blood glucose
control: the challenging part for both the nurse and the patient]
Time to get in depth about the *pancreas*! What is the role and function of the pancreas
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