Psychopharmacology; Brain and Behavior Retest Placement Test Exam Questions with complete solutions 2024/2025
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Course
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Institution
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Placement Test Exam Questions with complete solutions 2024/2025
Alcoholism - correct answer continued use of alcohol despite medical or social harm, even after having made a decision to quit or decrease drinking. Third largest health problem after heart disease and cancer
Substance abuse - co...
Psychopharmacology; Brain and
Behavior Retest Placement Test Exam
Questions with complete solutions
2024/2025
Alcoholism - correct answer continued use of alcohol despite medical or social harm,
even after having made a decision to quit or decrease drinking. Third largest health
problem after heart disease and cancer
Substance abuse - correct answer A pattern of drug use in which people rely on a drug
chronically and excessively, allowing it to occupy a central place in their life
Addiction - correct answer A complex brain disorder characterized by escalation,
compulsive drug taking, and relapse; called substance use disorder per the DSM-5
Withdrawal - correct answer Physical and psychological behavior displayed by an
addict when drug use ends
Psychomotor activation - correct answer Increased behavioral and cognitive activity so
that at certain levels of consumption, the drug user feels energetic and in control
How disinhibition theory possible accounts for some of the impulse control issues that
are seen when someone is under the influence of alcohol? - correct answer Alcohol
has a selective depressant effect on the cortex (the region of the brain that controls
judgment), while sparing subcortical structures (areas responsible for more primitive
instincts, such as desire)
What is the role of culture in behavior while intoxicated? - correct answer -Behavior is
learned
-Specific to culture, group, and setting
,-Under the influence of alcohol, people respond to a restricted set of immediate and
prominent cues and ignore more remote cues and potential consequences
Immediate and prominent cues differ with the context
-Lapses in judgment that lead to risky behavior, including aggression, and recklessness
while intoxicated
What role do adverse childhood experiences play in drug initiation and addiction? -
correct answer -Increased risk
-Can include emotional, physical, and sexual abuse or neglect, among other
experiences
What is the neural basis of addiction? Identify key regions - correct answer -Decision
to take a drug is made in the frontal cortex
-Drug activates opioid systems related to pleasurable/liking experiences
-Wanting drugs springs from activity in the dopaminergic system
VTA -> NAC -> PFC
What is the difference between wanting and liking? - correct answer Wanting (craving):
sensitizes with repeated drug use, craving increases, mesolimbic dopamine system
Liking (pleasure): tolerance develops with repeated drug use, pleasure decreases,
opioid neurons
Which is more sensation (Da), and which is more habituation (u)? - correct answer
Wanting/craving: habituation; liking/pleasure: sensation
Is being an alcoholic completely dependent on your genes? - correct answer No
What are some medications to combat alcoholism? Opiate abuse? - correct answer
Alcoholism:
-Antabuse (disulfiram): works by antagonizing the effects of acetaldehyde
dehydrogenase
-Revia (naloxone)
Neurotoxicity - correct answer Glutamatelike drugs are toxic because they act on
glutamate receptors.
Can drugs be neurotoxins? - correct answer yes
What is the mechanism of action for potential damage from:
-alcohol
-ecstasy
-cocaine
-marijuana - correct answer
How do hormones differ from other neurotransmitters? - correct answer A hormone is a
chemical secreted by a gland or other cells that is transported to other organs by the
blood where it alters activity
Where are hormones produced? - correct answer endocrine glands
What are some brain regions involved in the master control of hormones? - correct
answer Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, endocrine gland
Understand the control the hypothalamus has on the release of hormones from the
anterior pituitary - correct answer Produces neurohormones to stimulate; composed of
glandular tissue and synthesizes six hormones- ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH, FSH, LH
Posterior pituitary - correct answer Release of oxytocin and vasopressin
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