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Dear Students,
This portfolio serves as your summative exam for the “Natural Science and Technology
for the Classroom 2” module. It is designed to assess your understanding
and knowledge of the course materials covered throughout the year. Since it is an
exam, no late submission will be allowed. Additionally, no emailed portfolio will be
allowed or entertained. Goodluck.
QUESTION 1
Energy Basics
1.1 Forms of Energy
1. Kinetic Energy:
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Any object that
is moving has kinetic energy.
3
, Formula:
𝐾𝐸=12𝑚𝑣2KE= 12 mv 2 (where 𝑚 m is mass and 𝑣 v is velocity)
A moving car or a running athlete. The faster they move, the more kinetic energy they
have.
2. Potential Energy:
Potential energy is stored energy an object possesses due to its position, condition, or
configuration.
Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.
Formula for gravitational potential energy:
𝑃𝐸=𝑚𝑔ℎ
PE=mgh (where 𝑚 m is mass, 𝑔 g is gravitational acceleration, and
ℎ h is height)
Real-world example: A rock at the top of a hill has gravitational potential energy. A
compressed spring has elastic potential energy.
3. Thermal Energy:
Thermal energy is the total energy of the microscopic particles (atoms and molecules)
in an object, which is related to temperature.
The heat from a stove burner or the warmth from the sun. A hot cup of coffee contains
thermal energy because of the motion of its molecules.
4. Chemical Energy:
Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds and is
released or absorbed during chemical reactions.
The energy stored in gasoline, which powers a car when burned. Food also contains
chemical energy that our bodies convert into energy for movement and other functions.
5. Electrical Energy:
4
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