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NR324 EXAM 1
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Exam study book Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications - E-Book of Michele Grodner, Sylvia Escott-Stump, Suzanne Dorner - ISBN: 9780323544887 (NR324 EXAM 1)
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NR324 EXAM 1,2 AND FINAL EXAM/NR-324 ADULT HEALTH 1EXAM 1,2 AND FINAL EXAM LATES ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is third spacing? - ANSWER: When fluid accumulates in a portion of the body
from which it is not easily exchanged with the rest of the ECF (e.g., burns, blisters).
What is the normal osmolality range for the blood? - ANSWER: 275-295
Give an example of a high serum osmolality (number and what we could conclude
from that number) - ANSWER: Serum osmolality of 300 means more solute than
volume= water deficit AKA-fluid volume deficit
Give an example of a low serum osmolality (number and what we could conclude
from that number) - ANSWER: Serum osmolality of 270 means less solute than
volume= water overload AKA fluid volume excess
Urine specific gravity range - ANSWER: 1.005-1.030
low specific gravity indicates - ANSWER: dilute urine
high specific gravity indicates - ANSWER: dehydration and concentrated urine
Normal range for BUN - ANSWER: 10-20 mg/dL
What is hematocrit? - ANSWER: percent of blood volume that is RBCs
Partial pressure of oxygen range (PAO2) - ANSWER: 80-100
What type of IV solution would be used for someone with cerebral edema or severe
hyponatremia? - ANSWER: Hypertonic solution
How do you know an ABG issue is partially compensated? - ANSWER: When all 3
factors are abnormal (pH, HCO3, CO2)
How do you know when an ABG issue is uncompensated? - ANSWER: When pH and
one other factor are abnormal and the other factor is normal
How do you know when an ABG issue is fully compensated? - ANSWER: when the pH
is normal and both the other parameters are abnormal
What are the normal parameters for pH, CO2 and HCO3? - ANSWER: pH- 7.35-7.45
CO2- 35-45
HCO3- 22-26
, How do you know what the original problem was for a fully compensated problem? -
ANSWER: Look at the pH!
If the pH is 7.35-7.4 it was an acidic problem
If the pH is 7.41-7.45 it was an alkalotic problem
Respiratory alkalosis can lead to the same symptoms as what type of electrolyte
imbalance? - ANSWER: Hypocalcemia symptoms- tingling of the face, chvosteks
sign etc.
What electrolyte imbalance is the rarest imbalance? - ANSWER: metabolic alkalosis
Why is metabolic alkalosis hard to compensate for? - ANSWER: Because the RR
needs to slow down in order to compensate for it and you don't want it to slow
down too much otherwise you could die
Acidodic patients tend to be more _____________ whereas alkalotic patients tend to
be more _______________ - ANSWER: Acidodic patients= more lethargic
Alkalotic patients= more excitable
What is Chvostek's sign? - ANSWER: It is a sign of hypocalcemia. You tap on the
facial nerve (on the cheek in front of the ear) and the persons face will twitch when
you do that.
What is Trousseau's sign? - ANSWER: It is another sign of hypocalcemia. BP cuff
inflated and causes a carpal spasm.
What are 2 important assessments to perform when looking for signs of
hyponatremia? - ANSWER: LOC and UO
Normal calcium lab values? - ANSWER: 9.0-10.5
Normal Magnesium values? - ANSWER: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Normal potassium levels? - ANSWER: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal Sodium levels? - ANSWER: 135-145 mEq/L
What does aldosterone do? - ANSWER: tells body to hold onto sodium and water
follows
What are expected lab values for fluid volume deficit? - ANSWER: increased
hematocrit, serum osmolality, BUN and sodium
What are expected lab values for fluid volume excess? - ANSWER: decreased
hematocrit, serum osmolality, BUN and sodium
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