PATHO370 WCU Pathophysiology Final Exam
(Questions and Answers) Latest Update 2025
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Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to
potential for
a. respiratory depression.
b. narcotic dependency.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
d. allergic reaction.
c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation would the
nurse expect the client to exhibit? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Bradypnea
d. Crackles in lungs
e. Peripheral edema
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
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a. Surgery
b. Radiation
c. Early detection
d. Chemotherapeutic agents
c. Early detection
Early detection of cancer, while it remains localized, is associated with the best prognosis for a cure. The
majority of patients with solid tumors are treated surgically, which can be curative in some localized
cancers. Ionizing radiation is used for two principal reasons: to kill tumor cells that are not resectable
because they are located in a vital or inaccessible area, and to kill tumor cells that may have escaped the
surgeon's knife and remain undetected in the local area. Chemotherapeutic agents are not selective for
tumor cells, and a certain amount of normal cell death also occurs.
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of
cellular adaptation?
a. Atrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Hyperplasia
c. Hypertrophy
A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Urgency
b. Hesitancy
c. Low back pain
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
b. Hesitancy
d. Weak urine flow
e. Incomplete bladder emptying
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What are the criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
d. Swelling of at least one wrist joint
e. Morning stiffness in joints
a. Simultaneous symmetric swelling of joints
b. Soft-tissue swelling of at least three joints
c. Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
e. Morning stiffness in joints
Atrial fibrillation is best described as when
a. The P wave precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
c. An atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min in a sawtooth pattern of atrial depolarization is seen
d. P waves occurs earlier than normal, preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration
b. Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular ventricular rate
- Atrial fibrillation is described as disorganized and irregular atrial waves accompanied by an irregular
ventricular rate.
- Escape rhythms can present with a P wave that precedes, follows, or is buried in the QRS complex.
- Atrial flutter is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240 to 350 beats/min and a characteristic
saw-tooth pattern of atrial depolarizations.
- Premature atrial complexes (PAC) are characterized by P waves that occur earlier than normal,
preceded by a P wave with a normal QRS configuration.
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Cardiac output is the product of both
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
b. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pulse pressure
c. Pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
d. Stroke volume and heart rate
d. Stroke volume and heart rate
Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis?
a. It is a localized disease.
b. Its prevalence is affected by climate.
c. It affects men three times more than women.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
d. The majority of the patients test positive for rheumatoid factor.
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
a. Psychiatry
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Pathophysiology
b. Physiology
Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
a. It is autosomal-dominant.
b. It affects endocrine glands.
c. It is common in African Americans.
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