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TEST BANK- Mccance & Huether’s Pathophysiology( 9th Edition 2024)_ALL Chapters (1-49 )INCLUDED|| COMPLETE SOLUTIONS|A GRADED VERIFIED SUCCESS !!
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,Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
;| ;| ;|




MULTIPLE CHOICE ;|




1. Whichstatement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats. ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




ANS: C ;|



In metabolic absorption, all cells takeinand use nutrients and other substances fromtheir
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



metabolic absorption.
;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Page 2 ;| ;|




2. Most ofacell’s genetic information, including RNAand DNA, is contained in the:
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome ; | ; |




ANS: C ;|



The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



regulateits activity. The other options do not contain most ofacell’s genetic information.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Page 2 ;| ;|




3. WhichcomponentofthecellprodNuUceRsSIhNyGd Tr oBg.CenO M
;| peroxide (H2O2)byusingoxygento ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ; | ;| ;| ;| ;|



remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes ;|




ANS: B ;|



Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



catalyzebonds inproteins, lipids, nucleicacids, andcarbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



involved in enzyme production.
;| ;| ;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Page 8 ;| ;|




4. Whichcell component iscapable ofcellular autodigestion when it isreleased during cell
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



;| injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smoothendoplasmic reticulum ;| ;|



b. Golgi complex ;| d. Lysosomes ;|




;| ANS: D ;|

, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



substrates,causing cellular self-digestion. Theotheroptions do not correctlydescribethis
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



process.
;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Pages 7-8 ;| ;|




5. What is the sequence ofsteps inthe development ofa digestive enzyme bythe pancreas cells
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



a. The enzyme is transcribed fromDNA byRNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



membrane.;|



b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane tothe cell
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



membrane.;|



c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



ribosome for synthesis, and is transported ina cytoskeletontothecell membrane.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



Golgicomplex forsynthesis, and istransported ina cytosoltothe cell membrane.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




ANS: A ;|



Theenzyme is transcribed fromDNAbyRNAin the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



do not correctly describe this process.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Page 7 |Figure 1-5 ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




6. During which phase ofthe cellcycle is DNAsynthesized?
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M ; |




ANS: B ;|



The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start ofDNAsynthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



cytoplasmic division.
;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Page 37 ;| ;|




7. What organiccompound facilitates transportation across cell membranes byactingas
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



;| receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates ; |




ANS: C ;|

, Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



particularlypotassium (K+), within thecell while keeping concentrations ofother ions, for
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



The other options do not correctly describe this process.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Page 13 |Page 15 ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



apoptosisand complement cascades, maybeuseful indesigningdrugtherapyfor which
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



human diseases?
;| ;|



a. Cardiacand vascular disorders ;| ;| ;|



b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders ;| ;| ;|



c. Gastrointestinalandrenaldisorders ;| ;| ;|



d. Endocrineand gastrointestinaldisorders ;| ;| ;|




ANS: B ;|



Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



interventions.Dysregulation ofproteases features prominentlyinmanyhuman diseases,
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



correctly describe this process.
;| ;| ;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: ; | Page 15 ;|




9. Whichstructureprevents water-soluble molecules fromentering cells acrossthe plasma
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|


NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
;|




a. Carbohydrate chains ;| c. Membrane channel proteins ;| ;|



b. Glycoproteinchannels ;| d. Lipid bilayer ;| ;|




ANS: D ;|



The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolvein water) because
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



The other options do not correctly describe this process.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




PTS: ; | ; | 1 REF: Pages 12-13 ;| ;|




10. The fluid mosaic modelexplains:
;| ;| ;| ;|



a. How a cell membrane functions ;| ;| ;| ;|



b. Whyour bodies appear to be solid ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



c. Howtissue isdifferentiated ;| ;| ;|



d. Howfluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|




ANS: A ;|



The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their self-
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



sealingproperties,andtheir impermeabilityto manysubstances. Theremaining options
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|



do not explain the mosaic model.
;| ;| ;| ;| ;| ;|

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