Four items a covert operation memo should clearly state - answer✔1. Information upon which
the covert operation will be based
2. Information expected to be gained
3. Identities of suspects, if known
4. Operatives under the fraud examiner's care, custody, or control
Structured Data - answer✔sales records, payment/expense details, financial reports
Unstructured Data - answer✔Typically text data
Duplicate Testing - answer✔Testing to identify transactions with duplicate values in specified
fields
Benford's Law - answer✔Distinguishes natural and non-natural numbers. Analysis should be
against natural numbers. Natural numbers are typically dollar amounts on transaction details
First phase of data analysis process - answer✔Planning phase
Steps in planning phase of data analysis - answer✔UDBD
1. understand data
2. define examination objectives
3. build profile of potential frauds
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