ESL Certification Exam Questions With
100% Verified Answers.
Phoneme - answer✔smallest unit of sound
Number of phonemes in English - answer✔42-44
Classifications of consonant phonemes - answer✔Place of Articulation, Manner of Articulation,
Voiced or Unvoiced
Classifications of vowel phonemes - answer✔Tongue Position, Lip position
Phonological awareness - answer✔Ability to detect, identify, and manipulate the various parts of
the spoken language: words, syllables, onsets, rimes, and phonemes
Syllable - answer✔A word or part of a word that is pronounced as a unit and contains one vowel
sound.
Parts of a syllable - answer✔onset and rime. The onset is that part before the vowel, the rime is
the vowel and everything after.
Phonogram - answer✔nonlinguistic term for rime (rime is the vowel and everything after within
the same syllable)
Lau vs. Nichols - answer✔Decided that the civil rights of students were being violated when the
school did not help them acquire the language of instruction
Plessy vs. Ferguson - answer✔(1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory
(did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received
accommodations equal to those of whites.
Meyers vs. Nebraska - answer✔U.S. Supreme Court decision protecting the right of language
minority communities to offer private language classes
Brown vs. Board - answer✔1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to
be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
Lau Remedies (1975) - answer✔Mandated bilingual education
Castaneda v. Pickard - answer✔Court case that determined that segregation of ELL's only
permissible when the benefits of remedying language barriers outweigh adverse affects of
segregation.
ELLs must be evaluated for effectiveness using a set of established criteria.
Plyer v. Doe - answer✔Court case that determined that the 14th amendment prohibits states from
denying a free public education to undocumented children. Prohibits schools from request of any
documentation of legal status.
No Child Left Behind Act (2001) - answer✔Requires the states to set standards and measurable
goals that can improve individual outcomes in education.
Requires the states to develop assessments in basic skills to be given to all students in certain
grades.
Represents a dramatic expansion of the federal role in education.
Transitional Bilingual Early Exit Program - answer✔ELL's receive a portion of their content
instruction in their first language for 1-3 years
Transitional bilingual late exit program - answer✔ELL's receive content instruction in L1 and L2
for 4 to 6 years.
Dual Language Immersion/ Two-Way - answer✔Bi literacy program model that integrates
English proficient students with ELL's. Academic subjects are taught in both English and the
other language.
Dual language immersion/ one way - answer✔Bi literacy program model that serves only ELL's.
Academic subjects are taught in L1 and L2
ESL/Content Based Program - answer✔ELL's are given ESL support services within the content
areas with an ESL certified teacher
ESL Pullout - answer✔ELL's are given ESL support outside of their classroom, then they return
to all English instruction for the rest of the day
Phonology - answer✔the study of speech sounds in language
phonics - answer✔the study of the sounds of the letters of the alphabet to help students identify
written words
grapheme - answer✔the written or printed representation of a phoneme (letters)
Morphology - answer✔The study of meaningful parts of words and how they are put together
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