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Arkansas Foundations of Reading Test
Questions With Verified Answers
Instructional strategies to promote oral language skills - answer✔recommended to use
vocabulary words in context, many opportunities to listen and speak for a variety of purposes to
both peers and adults
Portfolios - answer✔collection of completed student work selected by the student and the
teacher. can be used to track progress over time and check for mastery of certain skills.
Oral language development - answer✔phonological skills: ability to recognize and manipulate
sounds in spoken words
syntactic skills: understanding grammatical rules and how to correctly arrange words in
sentences.
semantics: ability to understand meanings of words, phrases, sentences, and longer texts.
Morphological skills: understanding meanings of word parts
pragmatics: understanding social rules of language
dysgraphia - answer✔disorder of written expression. difficulty holding pencils correctly, forming
letters, writing on lines, putting thoughts into written words, and organizing writing in
meaningful ways.
selecting appropriate texts to support the backgrounds and interests of diverse learners -
answer✔teachers should consider students' reading levels and stages of reading development to
determine how much text support is needed, for emergent readers teachers should consider how
much picture support is present, how many words are printed on each page, and predictability of
text. for transitional and fluent readers, teachers should consider text complexity.
reading strategies vs. reading interventions - answer✔reading strategies are methods teachers use
to help students learn reading skills. Interventions are specific plans to help students make
progress in targeted areas.
transitional stage of writing development - answer✔students begin using mixture of capital and
lowercase letters appropriately. use several different punctuation marks, writing includes broader
vocabulary than when they were in the emergent stage.
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texts at students' instructional reading levels - answer✔texts read with 90% to 94% accuracy,
respond correctly to 70% to 89% of comprehension questions. These books present some
challenges for readers, but they can still be read without frustration
texts at students' independent reading levels - answer✔texts read with 95-100% accuracy,
respond correctly to 90 to 100& of comprehension questions. These books can be read by the
students with no assistance
analyzing and interpreting assessment data - answer✔creating charts and graphs outlining
different data subsets, identify students who did not demonstrate proficiency on each standard,
track individual student performance on each standard over time.
when to respond to miscues in reading - answer✔overcorrection may interfere with confidence
and reading enjoyment. Teachers should strategically choose which types of errors to respond to
during each reading session. one approach, only intervene for one error. Another approach is to
intervene only when errors effect meaning of text.
locate and identify features of expository texts - answer✔feature walks, charts listing features
and functions posted in the classroom, comprehension questions that require use of text features
to answer.
learning environments supportive of cultural and linguistic differences - answer✔classrooms
should incorporate culturally and linguistically diverse materials from cultures of students.
Reading materials, artwork, classroom labels, and posters are examples of diverse materials that
can be included.
activities that support reading, writing, listening, and speaking development - answer✔four main
components of english language development, often used together. project-based learning
activities and performance assessments are useful for integrating these four skills.
why explicitly teach nonverbal communication skills - answer✔sometimes known as body
language, works with verbal communication to convey desired messages, if used inappropriately
meaning of communication may be lost or misconstrued. nonverbal communication can be
interpreted differently based on cultures, so students should be aware of messages nonverbal
communication is sending to audiences.
syntactic cues - answer✔readers use their knowledge about correct oral language structures and
the ways sentences are put together to decode and make meaning of an unknown word.
texts at students' frustration levels - answer✔texts read with less than 90% accuracy, respond
correctly to less than 70% of comprehension questions. These books are considered difficult for
students to read.
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flexible groupings - answer✔way to differentiate instruction, more targeted instruction based on
needs of students, groups can be small or large and the students in the group change based on
needs. formal and informal assessment data can be used to group students.
david perkins' theory of learnable intelligence - answer✔three types of intelligence: neural (IQ,
can't be changed), experiential (types of experiences one has), and reflective (ability to problem
solve and reason). experiential and reflective knowledge can be grown over time.
common characteristics of reading retention deficiencies - answer✔difficulties remembering
what they have read, may occur due to difficulties transferring information to short- or long-term
memory or difficulties retrieving information previously stored in long term memory. graphic
organizers can be used to help students while they read, story maps can be used, sequencing
charts, notes, and text summaries can be used.
instructional technology used to promote literacy development at home - answer✔online games
and apps that can be used to practice literacy skills, digital storybooks, communication with
others using digital tools
SQ3R - answer✔a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve,
Review. can help students comprehend textbooks.
instructional strategies to teach word analysis skills and vocabulary to ELLs - answer✔focusing
on cognates is one way to help build word analysis skills and vocabulary for ELLs. visuals can
be used that show meanings of words.
context clues to figure out meanings of unknown words - answer✔teachers should explicitly
introduce students to different types of context clues, including definition, antonym, synonym,
and inference clues.
formative vs. summative assessment - answer✔-formative is embedded in learning, giving
feedback, ongoing
-summative is 'high' stakes to determine progress
family members promote love of reading at home - answer✔incorporate reading time into
children's lives daily. sometimes family members can read aloud to their children, have children
read aloud to them, or take turns on who reads aloud.
role reading specialists play in improving school reading curricula - answer✔have access to
assessment data from multiple grade levels and time periods. can lead data analysis teams that
look for trends that may indicate gaps in their schools' reading curricula.
help readers recognize and explore meanings of unknown vocabulary words - answer✔first it's
important to ID unknown vocab words, then students need to determine which words are central
