Explicit Instruction - answer✔-Teacher models, demonstrates, and directs instruction
-Objective stated
-Measurable
-Principal could walk in & know objective
-Appears focused
Implicit Instruction - answer✔-For extension & practice
-Reinforcement of previously taught skill
- May feel "less clear" on objective/assessment
-Purpose may be unclear to outside observer
- May appear less focused
Phoneme - answer✔-smallest part of spoken language
-41 phonemes
-a phoneme can be represented by more than one letter sometimes
Grapheme - answer✔-smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme
Phonics - answer✔the relationship between letters and sounds
Phonemic Awareness - answer✔-The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual
sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
- Purely auditory
-beginning, middle, and end sounds
- blending & segmenting
-substitution, deletion, insertion
phonological awareness - answer✔- Includes phonemic awareness
- works with rhyming, onset + rime, syllables, and whole words
Syllable - answer✔A word part that contains a vowel or vowel sound
Onset + Rime - answer✔-smaller than syllables, larger than phonemes
Example: Stop. onset= st rime= op
Phonological Awareness skills from basic to complex - answer✔1. Rhyming
2. Syllables
3. Counting words in a sentence
4. Hearing/manipulating onset + rime
5. Phonemic Awareness
One of the greatest predictors of reading success - answer✔phonemic awareness
Phonics components - answer✔-alphabetic principle
-mapping phonemes to corresponding graphemes
Elkonin Boxes - answer✔a strategy for segmenting sounds in a word that involves drawing a box
to represent each sound in a word & marking inside the boxes every time you say a sound in the
word.
Phoneme Isolation - answer✔Recognizing individual sounds in a word (e.g., /p/ is the first sound
in pan).
Phoneme Identity - answer✔recognizing the common sound in different words. For example,
"Tell me the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)."
Phoneme categorization - answer✔recognize a word with a sound that does not match the sounds
in other words
"What word doesn't belong? Bus, Bun, Rug"
"Rug does not belong. It doesn't start with /b/"
Phoneme blending - answer✔Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and
then combine the phonemes to
form a word. Then they write and read the word.
Teacher: What word is /b/ /i/ /g/?
Children: /b/ /i/ /g/ is big.
Phoneme segmentation - answer✔Children break a word into its separate sounds, saying each
sound as they tap out or count it.
Then they write and read the word.
Teacher: How many sounds are in grab?
Children: /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds.
Phoneme deletion - answer✔Children recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is
removed from another word.
Teacher: What is smile without the /s/?
Children: Smile without the /s/ is mile.
Phoneme addition - answer✔Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing
word.
Teacher: What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park?
Children: Spark.
phoneme substitution - answer✔Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new
word.
Teacher: The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/. What's the new word?
Children: bun.
How does phonemic instruction help children learn to read? - answer✔- improves their ability to
read words
- also improves comprehension- less time spent decoding which allows students to read rapidly
and accurately. This allows students to focus on meaning of what they are reading instead of
only focusing on decoding the words
How does phonemic instruction help children learn to spell? - answer✔-Particularly
segmentation helps
- Children understand each sound has a grapheme representation used to spell. They relate the
letters to the sounds they hear
Alphabetic Principle - answer✔an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the
sounds of spoken words.
Environmental Print - answer✔print found authentically in our environment (stop sign, labels on
food, logos on billboards)
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