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CDCES NEW EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CDCES NEW EXAM WITH QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS 2024-2025
When to screen for type 2 diabetes - ANSWER 1) Screen all individuals for pre-
DM and DM2 beginning at age 45, as well as ALL adults of any age who are
overweight with a BMI equal to or greater than 25 or a BMI greater than 23
among Asian Americans with one or more risk factors.
-Hx cardiovascular
- First degree relative to DM.
- PCOS
- Hx of GDM
- HDL < 35mg, or triglycerides > 250mg.
- High-risk population: African American, Latino, Native American, Asian
American, or PI.
-HTN > 140/90 or on medication.
- A1c > 5.7% IGT or IFG.
- Other clinical diseases related to insulin resistance (obesity, Acanthosis
Nigricans)
2) If normal, repeat every three years, or more frequently depending on risk.
3) Lifelong annual testing with preDM at least every three years with GDM
Normal A1c: <5.7%.
Normal FPG: <100mg/dl.
,Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (75g) - Results: PG <140mg/dl after 2
hours.
Prediabetes A1C range: 5.7-6.4%.
Prediabetes impaired fasting glucose IFG - ANSWER: 100-125 mg/dL
Prediabetes oral glucose tolerance test OGTT - ANSWER Impaired Glucose
Tolerance (IGT) 2 hours PG 140-199 mg/dL
Diabetes A1C range: 6.5% and higher.
Diabetes Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) - Answer: 126 mg/dl or greater.
Diabetes oral glucose tolerance test - ANSWER 200 mg/dL or higher (2 hours
PG)
Random plasma glucose: ANSWER >200mg/dL plus symptoms.
Random = without respect to the time since the last meal.
Symptoms include:
-polyuria
-polydipsia
-Unexplained loss
,When testing for diabetes, what should you do if there is no clear evidence of
hyperglycemia? - ANSWER: Repeat the exam to check the findings.
When should you screen for GDM? - ANSWER - Screen during the initial visit
for undiagnosed DM2 in those with risk factors similar to DM2.
Hx cardiovascular, PCOC, high-risk ethnics population, HTN 140/90, HDL35
or less or triglycerides 250 or higher, and sedentary
- Screen all pregnant women who are not known to have diabetes during 24-28
weeks gestation.
- Screen women with GDM for diabetes at 6-12 weeks postpartum.
Two-stage NIH consensus- ANSWER stage 1: 50g glucose load (non) fasting
with plasma BG test at 1 hour (if bg 130-140 or more, proceed to step 2).
Step 2: 100g OGTT (fasting) GDM dx if at least 2 or 4 plasma blood glucose
levels assessed fasting, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours are fulfilled or surpassed.
When any of the BG levels listed below are surpassed, perform a one-step 75g
OGTT and answer GDM dx.
Fasting for 92 or more
1 hour 180 or more.
2 hours 153 or more.
, What percentage of Americans will have Diabetes by 2050? - ANSWER 35%
Number of Americans with Diabetes in 2021 - ANSWER 30.3 million, or more
than 9.4%
The percentage of US adults with preDM is 37%, or 846 million.
Glucagon, produced by the pancreas alpha cells, increases glucose levels.
Stress Hormones- Kidneys
Epinephrine-kidneys
These hormones reduce glucose - ANSWER Insulin- pancreas.
Amylin in the pancreas
Incretins are secreted by l cells of the intestinal mucosa; beta cells have
receptors.
ANSWER: Prediabetes with 50% pancreatic function.
Diabetes: 20% of the pancreas works.
When testing for diabetes, what should you do if you see an odd result? -
ANSWER: Repeat the test on a separate day to confirm dx.
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