NUR 140 Pharmacology Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
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Course
NUR 140
Institution
NUR 140
Idiosyncratic reaction An abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient.
The nurse is administering antihypertensive drugs to older adult patients. The nurse knows that which adverse effect is of most concern for the pa...
NUR 140 Pharmacology Midterm Exam
Questions and Answers
Idiosyncratic reaction ✅An abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other
than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient.
The nurse is administering antihypertensive drugs to older adult patients. The nurse
knows that which adverse effect is of most concern for the patient?
Dry mouth
Hypotension
Restlessness
Constipation ✅restlessness
Pharmacodynamics ✅it examines the effect of the drug on the body
Pharmacokinetics ✅The study of what the body does to the drug
Empiric therapy ✅treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been
reported or obtained
EX. Antibiotics
Prophylactic ✅drug therapy provided to prevent illness or other undesirable outcome
during planned events.
Ex. Pre-op meds
Antiseptic vs. Disinfectant ✅antiseptic-topical antimicrobial, chemical inhibits the
growth and reproduction of microorganisms without necessarily killing them
Disinfectant-one of two types of topical antimicrobial aganets, chemical applied to
nonliving objects to kill mircroorganisms
First pass effect ✅the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI
tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream
Tetracycline ✅a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis
Sulfonamides ✅bacteriostatic antibiotic, inhibits growth of susceptible bacteria by
preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid
Cephalosporins ✅Semisynthetic antibiotics
Structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins
Bactericidal action
,Broad spectrum
Divided into groups according to their antimicrobial activity
Vancomycin ✅resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics
ACE inhibitors ✅Anti-hypertensive drugs
-Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system by blocking the conversion of angiotensin
I to angiotensin II and inhibiting breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator)
-Increased sodium and water excretion; vasodilation
-Results in decreased BP and afterload on heart
-Captorpil, Enalpril, Lisinopril
Adrenergics ✅mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system, which responds to
stress; used to treat bronchospasms, allergic reactions, hypotension
Calcium channel blockers ✅agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart
muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen
and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause
dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
Beta blockers ✅decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors
Vasodilators ✅medications that cause dilation of blood vessels
Diuretics ✅medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
Six Rights of Medication Administration ✅1. Right medication
2. Right dose
3. Right patient
4. Right route
5. Right time
6. Right documentation
Hyperkalemia s/s ✅high potassium in the blood
Muscle weakness, Bradycardia, Dysrhythmias, Faccid paralysis, Intestinal colic, Tall T
waves on ECG
Hypernatremia s/s ✅high sodium in the blood
Elevated temp
Weakness
Disorientation
Irritability and restlessness
Thirst
Hypokalemia s/s ✅inadequate amt of potassium in bloodstream
-weakness
-irregular pulse
-hypotension
-respiratory distress
-muscle cramping
-decreased muscle tone & hypoactive reflexes
-paresthesias
-mental confusion
Hyponatremia s/s ✅inadequate amt of sodium in the bloodstream
Nausea
Muscle cramps
Confusion
Muscular twitching, coma
Seizures
Headache
Albumin ✅protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
Crystalloids ✅salts that dissolve readily into true solutions
Colloids ✅substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into
true solutions
FFP(blood products) ✅fresh frozen plasma, obtained by centrifuging whole blood
therefore removing the cellular elements resulting in frozen plasma, not recommended
for routine fluid resuscitation but may be used as an adjunct to massive blood
transfusion
Whole blood ✅same as PRBC's whole blood is more benficial in cases of extreme loss
of blood volume because whole blood also contains plasma and plasma proteins, the
chief osmotic component, which help draw fluid back into blood vessels from
surrounding tissues
Administration of blood products ✅Comprehensive baseline assessment
Rate of infusion
Monitor the child closely for signs of an adverse reaction.
If reaction is suspected, stop the transfusion immediately and notify the provider.
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