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NUR 325 Final Latest Update Exam With Questions And Correct Answers
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NUR 325 Final Latest Update Exam With QuestionsAnd Correct Answers
What is stenosis? -Answer Stiffening or narrowing of the valve, really hard for the blood
to make its way through the valve
What is regurgitation? -Answer The valve doesn't close completely and blood can go
back through the valve the opposite way; valve becomes a two way door
What does regurgitation cause? -Answer A murmur
What is Preload? - Answer The amount of stretch on the ventricles at the end of diastole
How can preload be measured? - Answer Central Venous Pressure, Stroke volume (The
amount of blood the ventricles contracts/shoots out), Passive Leg Raise
Passive leg raise to measure preload - Answer If stroke volume increases by more than
10% when legs are raised above the head, could benefit from more fluids
Ways to improve a low preload - Answer Fluids
Ways to improve a high preload - Answer Diuretics or dialysis in the case of kidney
failure
Physical Assessment of Low Preload - Answer Hypovolemic so dry skin, dry mucus
membranes, low skin turgor, orthostatic
Physical Assessment of High Preload - Answer Hypervolemic so edema, crackles on
,lungs, hypoxic, SOB, weaping
Afterload - Answer The amount of resistance the ventricles have to face at the end of
systole
Afterload - How to measure - Answer SVR (Systemic Vascular Resistance): how
dilated/constricted blood vessels are
How to improve a low Afterload - Answer Vasopressin, dopamine (high doses),
norepinephrine, epinephrine
How to improve a high Afterload - Answer Nitroglycerin, Nicardipine, Labetelol
What is contractility? - Answer How the heart is squeezing
Methods to Monitor Contractility-Answer Cardiac output, cardiac index (more
individualized)
Methods to enhance Contractility-Answer Epinephrine, dopamine and dobutamine,
digoxin
What are examples of invasive lines? Answer Peripheral lines, Arterial lines, Central
Venous Catheter, and Pulmonary Artery line
How to care for a Arterial Line? - Answer Give fluids so that the line doesn't clot off,
Make sure to watch distally to the insertion sight, Insertion sight always staying
covered, Transducer needs to be level to fourth intercostal space midaxillary line (heart)
and the level needs to be 0
What if a transducer is too low? - Answer Artificially too high of a BP
,What if a transducer is too high? - Artificially too low of a BP
How to care for a Peripheral Line? - Check for infiltration, redness and swelling at the
sight, Check for infection
How would you care for a Central Venous Catheter? -Answer Inserting sterile and
keeping a sterile dressing over it, Clean off ports before you give medication, Green
caps that are full of alcohol to keep the ports clean when they aren't being used, Flush
every 8 hours, CHG bath, bath every day in general
How would you care for a Pulmonary Arterial Line? -Answer Similar to Central Lines
Normal Sinus - Answer PR interval 0.20, QRS interval less than .11, Rate is 60-100
Sinus Bradycardia - Answer PR interval 0.20, QRS interval less than .11, Rate is less
than 60
Sinus Brady Symptoms - Answer o Decreased level of consciousness
o Decreased capillary refill
o Lightheaded, dizzy
o Cool, clammy skin
o Fatigue
How to treat sinus brady? - Answer Give Atropine, Epinephrine, Dopamine
Sinus Tachycardia - Answer PR interval 0.20, QRS interval less than .11, Rate is over
100
Symptoms of Sinus Tachy - Answer Similar to Bradycardia
, How to treat Sinus Tachycardia - Answer - Treat underlying cause like pain, anxiety,
stress
- Beta blockers
SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia) - Answer QRS interval is less than .11, no ST
elevation, Very high rate, cannot measure PR interval
How to treat SVT - Answer Vasovagal Maneuvers (blow into a straw, cough, bear down),
Adenosine, Betablockers or calcium channel blockers, and cardioversion
What vasovagal maneuver can only a physician do? - Answer Carotid Massage
Symptoms of SVT - Answer -palpitations
-SOB
-dizziness
-syncope
-panic/anxiety
-chest pain
Atrial Paced Rhythm - Answer Spike before P wave
Ventricular Paced Rhythm - Answer Spike before QRS
Atrial and Ventricular Paced Rhythm - Answer Spike before both P wave and QRS
complex
Atrial Fibrillation - Answer No P waves for every QRS
No PR interval
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