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NUR 330 Exam 1 Electrolyte Imbalances Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Sodium generation and transmission of nerve impulses and a/b balance (135-145 mEq/L) Hypernatremia Causes: dehydration, impaired renal function, primary aldosteronism, corticosteroid therapy S/S: thirst, legarthy, agitation, seizures, coma, impaired LOC, increased interstitial fluid Implementation...

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  • September 30, 2024
  • 3
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur 330 exam 1 electrolyte imbalances test questio
  • sodium generation and transmission of nerve impul
  • hypernatremia causes dehydration impaired renal

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NUR 330 Exam 1 Electrolyte Imbalances
Test Questions and Correct Answers
Sodium ✅generation and transmission of nerve impulses and a/b balance (135-145
mEq/L)

Hypernatremia ✅Causes: dehydration, impaired renal function, primary aldosteronism,
corticosteroid therapy
S/S: thirst, legarthy, agitation, seizures, coma, impaired LOC, increased interstitial fluid
Implementation: treat underlying cause, increase oral fluids, IV 5% dextrose in water or
hypotonic saline, restrict electrolyte intake
Extra: common in elderly, decrease too rapidly will result in cerebral edema

Hyponatremia ✅Causes: Addison's disease, DKA, diuretic therapy, excessive GI loss
(vomiting/diarrhea), excessive perspiration, water toxicity/excessive intake, overuse of
hypotonic solution
S/S: confusion, nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma, headaches, irritation
Implementation: water excess: fluid restriction; severe seizures: IV hypertonic solution
(3% NaCl); abnormal fluid loss: fluid replacement with electrolyte containing solution;
vasopressins, diuretics

Potassium ✅transmission and conduction of nerve and muscle impulses, cellular
growth, maintenance of cardiac rhythms, and A/B balance
(3.0-5.0 mEq/L)

Hyperkalemia ✅Cause: massive intake, impaired renal function (most common in renal
failure), shift from ICF to ECF massive cell destruction (burn pts)
S/S: leg cramps, tachycardia, VFib, Asystole, weak/paralysed skeletal muscle,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, CNS changes
Implementation: eliminate oral and IV electrolyte intake, increase elimination of
electrolyte (diuretic, dialysis, Kayexelate), IV insulin (not in diabetics), sodium bicarb, IV
calcium gluconate
Extra: monitor EKG

Hypokalemia ✅Cause: abnormal loss of electrolyte via kidneys or GI tract (NG
suctioning), magnesium deficiency, metabolic acidosis
S/S: bradycardia, impaired regulation of arteriolar blood flow, skeletal muscle weakness,
weakness of respiratory muscles, decreased GI motility (constipation)
Implementation: electrolyte oral supplement, IV supplement that doesn't exceed
10mEq/hour (no IV push!!!) monitor IV site

Calcium ✅Myocardial contractions, blood clotting, formation of teeth and bone, muscle
contraction (8.6-10.2mEq/L)

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