GI Bleed/Hypovolemic Shock RAPID Reasoning;
Jim Olson/a 45-year-old male with a history of
cirrhosis and ETOH abuse/100% Correct
Total blood volume - ANSWER-Total amount of
fluid circulating within the arteries, capillaries,
veins, venules, and chambers of the heart at any time
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - ANSWER-
Component that adds volume to blood, making up
roughly 40% of total blood volume
White blood cells (leukocytes) - ANSWER-
Component that adds volume to blood
Platelets - ANSWER-Component that adds volume
to blood
Plasma - ANSWER-Component that accounts for
about 60% of total blood volume
Cardiac Output - ANSWER-Quantity of blood
pumped by the heart in a given period of time,
typically measured in liters per minute
,Vascular Integrity - ANSWER-Capacity of the
endothelium to retain fluids, macromolecules, and
leukocytes
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - ANSWER-Average
arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle,
systole, and diastole
Altered Metabolism - ANSWER-Alterations in the
chemical reactions in the body's cells that change
food into energy
Baroreceptors - ANSWER-Special nerve cells or
receptors that sense blood pressure
Shunting - ANSWER-Process whereby venous
return into one circulatory system is recirculated
through the arterial outflow of the same circulatory
system
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) -
ANSWER-Disorder in which two or more organ
systems are not working correctly
,Initial stage of shock - ANSWER-Occurs when the
patient's baseline MAP is decreased by less than 10
mmHg
Compensatory stage - ANSWER-Occurs when MAP
decreases by 10 to 15 mmHg from baseline
Progressive stage of shock - ANSWER-Occurs
when there is a sustained decrease in MAP of more
than 20 mmHg from baseline
Refractory stage of shock - ANSWER-Occurs when
cell death and tissue damage results from too little
oxygen reaching the tissues
Assessment - ANSWER-Process of evaluating the
patient's condition
Sepsis resuscitation bundle - ANSWER-Set of
interventions to be performed within one hour of
recognizing sepsis
Oxygen therapy - ANSWER-Useful whenever shock
is present, delivered through various methods
, Drug therapy - ANSWER-Used when the patient
does not respond to fluid replacement, includes
vasoconstricting agents and inotropic therapy
Antibiotic therapy - ANSWER-Administered
intravenously to treat septic shock
IV fluids - ANSWER-Given to treat hypotension or
lactate greater than 4
Adrenal support - ANSWER-Providing the patient
with low dose cortical steroids during treatment
Blood replacement therapy - ANSWER-Used when
poor clotting with hemorrhage occurs
Heparin therapy - ANSWER-Used to limit
inappropriate clotting and prevent excessive
consumption of clotting factors
Surgical management - ANSWER-In addition to
non-surgical management, may be needed to correct
the cause of shock
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