Exam (elaborations)
RNC-NIC Cardiac Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 6 pages for the course RNC-NIC at RNC-NIC (RNC-NIC Cardiac)
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RNC-NIC CardiacChanges at delivery - answer Pressure: Increased SVR, decreased PVR
Oxygenation: Pulmonary arterioles dilate, alveoli expansion
Shunts close
Cardiac output calculation – answer CO=HRxSV
Mean arterial pressure calculation - answer(2xDBP) +SBP/3
Stroke volume - answer Contractility, preload, afterload
Preload - answer Measures pressure over volume in the ventricles prior to contraction
Afterload - answer Resistance of blood flow leaving the ventricle
Causes of decreased preload - answer Hypovolemia
Vasodilation
Hyperthermia
Sepsis
Causes of increased preload - answer Vasoconstriction
Hypervolemia
Congenital heart defects
Causes of decreased afterload - answer Vasodilation
Sepsis
Hyperthermia
Effects of nitrates
Causes of increased afterload - answer Vasoconstriction
Hypothermia
Aortic stenosis
Hypertension
Vasopressive agents
Causes of increased contractility - answer Dopamine
Dobutamine
Digoxin
Causes of decreased contractility - answer Acidosis
Hypoxia
, Electrolyte disturbances
Hypoglycemia
Congestive heart failure - answer Defective pump
Hypoperfusion
Pressure resistance
Increased metabolic demands
Causes of CHF - answer Increased pulmonary blood flow (L to R shunts)
Obstructive lesions
Valve regurgitation
Cardiac infections
Hyperthyroidism
CHF s/s - answer Tachypnea, retractions, crackles, pulmonary edema, tachycardia,
sweating, pale, low urine output, hepatomegaly, edema, poor feeding, cyanosis
Management of CHF - answerImprove myocardial function and relieve pulmonary and
systemic congestion
Causes of bradycardia (<100) - answerHypoperfusion
Hypoxemia
Shock
Acidosis
Hypothermia
Hypovolemia
Causes of tachycardia (160-200) - answerNon-pathologic: Pain, hyperthermia,
hypovolemia
Pathologic: Compensatory, supraventricular
Supraventricular tachycardia (>220) - answerOriginates proximal to the bifurcation of
the bundle of HIS
SVT s/s - answerDyspnea
Altered level of consciousness
SVT management - answerVagal maneuver: Ice/pressure on inner canthus
IV adenosine (0.1 mg/kg push)
Cardioverion (0.5-1 joule/kg)
Amiodarone, propanolol
Dextrocardia - answerHeart on the wrong side
Left to right shunt - answerBlood flows from the lungs, to the left side of the heart, skips
the body, and back to the right side of the heart
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