Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges KOM (1 t/m 13), en aantekeningen van Grasple. Dit is stof van alle deeltoetsen samen (kwalitatief, correlationeel, experimenteel, integriteit).
KOM – aantekeningen hoorcolleges
Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 1................................................................................................................................................ 4
Kenmerken wetenschappelijk onderzoek:............................................................................................................4
Kenmerken van een goede theorie:.....................................................................................................................4
Soorten onderzoeksvragen...................................................................................................................................4
Onderzoeksontwerp.............................................................................................................................................4
Dataverzamlingsmethoden (kwalitatief):............................................................................................................4
Kenmerken kwalitatief onderzoek:......................................................................................................................5
Hoe goede onderzoeksvraag opstellen voor kwalitatief onderzoek:...................................................................5
SPI(C)E..............................................................................................................................................................5
Hoorcollege 2................................................................................................................................................ 6
Kwalitatief interview vs. focusgroep....................................................................................................................6
Namen voor de geïnterviewde:............................................................................................................................6
Verschil focusgroep en groepsinterview:.............................................................................................................6
Typen interview-formats:.....................................................................................................................................6
Typen interviews:.................................................................................................................................................6
Hoe participanten selecteren:..............................................................................................................................7
Typen (selecte) steekproeven:..............................................................................................................................7
Deelnemers bij focusgroep:..................................................................................................................................8
Kwaliteit van het kwalitatief interview................................................................................................................8
Typen Observatieonderzoek:................................................................................................................................8
Observatie data:...................................................................................................................................................9
4 rollen die de observator (onderzoeker) kan aannemen:...................................................................................9
Type of tales:........................................................................................................................................................9
Hoorcollege 3............................................................................................................................................... 10
Doel kwalitatief onderzoek:...............................................................................................................................10
Dataverzamelingsmethoden (kwalitatief):........................................................................................................10
Ethische principes:..............................................................................................................................................10
Belmont report..............................................................................................................................................10
Toevoeging APA.............................................................................................................................................10
Hoe zien verzamelde data eruit?........................................................................................................................11
Data-analyse......................................................................................................................................................11
Stappen in kwalitatieve data-analyse................................................................................................................11
Drie soorten codes:.............................................................................................................................................12
3 typen redengeving (reasoning) bij kwalitatief onderzoek:.............................................................................13
1
,Hoorcollege 4 - Correlationeel 1................................................................................................................... 14
Onderzoeksvraag van correlationeel onderzoek is te herkennen aan: CAPS.....................................................14
Voorwaarden causaliteit:...................................................................................................................................14
Dataverzamelingsmethoden:.............................................................................................................................14
Hoe meten we theoretische begrippen?............................................................................................................14
Soorten variabelen.............................................................................................................................................15
Meetniveaus (van variabelen)............................................................................................................................15
Generaliseren.....................................................................................................................................................15
Soorten (aselecte) steekproeven........................................................................................................................16
Hoorcollege 5 – Correlationeel 2.................................................................................................................. 18
Data samenvatten..............................................................................................................................................18
Begripsvaliditeit.................................................................................................................................................18
3 vormen van betrouwbaarheid:........................................................................................................................19
Hoorcollege 6 – Correlationeel 3.................................................................................................................. 21
Vier vormen van validiteit:.................................................................................................................................21
Voorwaarden correlatie-toets............................................................................................................................22
Hoorcollege 9 – Experimenteel 2.................................................................................................................. 26
2 kenmerken experimenteel onderzoek:............................................................................................................27
T toets gebruiken om 2 groepen te vergelijken in 3 verschillende situaties:.....................................................27
Hoorcollege 10 – Experimenteel 3................................................................................................................ 28
Statistische validiteit:.........................................................................................................................................28
Externe validiteit................................................................................................................................................28
Factoren die invloed hebben op de externe validiteit:.................................................................................28
Interne validiteit.................................................................................................................................................28
Mogelijke bedreigingen op interne validiteit:...............................................................................................28
Begripsvaliditeit.................................................................................................................................................28
Onafhankelijke variabele:..............................................................................................................................28
Afhankelijke variabele:..................................................................................................................................28
Statistische validiteit..........................................................................................................................................29
Significantie....................................................................................................................................................29
Relevantie......................................................................................................................................................29
Nauwkeurigheid.............................................................................................................................................29
Geschiktheid..................................................................................................................................................30
2
, Voorwaarden t toets:.........................................................................................................................................30
, Hoorcollege 1
Kenmerken wetenschappelijk onderzoek:
1. Empirisch = gebaseerd op systematische waarnemingen
2. Controleerbaar = peer review (bijv. van andere wetenschappers)
3. Probabilistisch = er is altijd een kans dat wat we constateren niet realistisch is
a. Niet deterministisch (= dat klopt sowieso)
Theorie-data cyclus:
Kenmerken van een goede theorie:
1. Ondersteund door data (uit wetenschappelijk onderzoek)
2. Falsifieerbaar (een theorie moet weerlegd kunnen worden a.d.h.v. verzamelde
gegevens) “
a. God bestaat” is niet falsifieerbaar
3. Spaarzaam (parsimonius) = als een theorie moet eenvoudig is, hoeft het niet
complexer gemaakt te worden
Onderzoeksontwerp
- Wat voor soort empirische gegevens verzamelen?
- Zijn gegevens kwantitatief of kwalitatief?
- Hoe ga je gegevens verzamelen?
- Bij wie ga je de gegevens verzamelen?
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