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ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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  • September 30, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND
  • ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND
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ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

State the three main causes of lymphadenopathy. Correct Answer
Inflammation, primary neoplasia, metastasis

An anechoic, rounded, well-defined fluid collection with septations
and posterior shadowing caused by injury to a lymph vessel;
commonly associated with transplant. Correct Answer
Lymphocele

A hypoechoic or complex collection of pus between the
peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. Correct Answer
Retroperitoneal abscess

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) appears as a
hypoechoic bulky midline mass that surrounds what in the lumbar
region? Correct Answer Large blood vessels

What is another name for retroperitoneal fibrosis? Correct Answer
Ormond's disease

A cluster of lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the aorta or IVC
is the ______ sign? Correct Answer Sandwich

Anterior displacement of the aorta by enlarged lymph nodes
posterior to the vessel. Correct Answer Floating aorta

Retroperitoneal fibrosis can encase the ______, ______ and
______. If the ureters are affected, ______ can occur. Correct
Answer Great vessels, ureters, lymphatics, hydronephrosis

,Gastrohepatic lymphadenopathy is associated with ______.
Correct Answer Lymphoma

What is the function of lymph nodes? Correct Answer Form
antibodies to fight infection

What is the most common (malignant) retroperitoneal neoplasm?
Correct Answer Liposarcoma

What is the most common complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis?
Correct Answer Hydronephrosis

What is the most common cause of posterior pararenal fluid
collections? Correct Answer Aortic disease

Which organs are retroperitoneal? Correct Answer Adrenal
glands, aorta, IVC, duodenum, pancreas, ureters, colon, kidneys,
oesophagus, rectum

List the six scanning objectives to employ when retroperitoneal
pathology is found. Correct Answer 1. Document in 2-3 planes
2. Measure in 3 dimensions
3. Describe the characteristics of the mass
4. Describe the relationship to surrounding anatomy/mass effect
5. Identify the organ/area of origin
6. Demonstrate the blood flow and any feeding vessels

List the four main layers of the GI tract wall from internal to
external. Correct Answer Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,
serosa

80% of gastric carcinomas are adenocarcinoma with a ______
appearance, _____vascularity and gastric wall ______. Correct
Answer Target, hyper, thickening

,Where in relation to the left liver and aorta is the
oesophagogastric junction? Correct Answer Posterior, anterior

What should the bowel wall should measure when the stomach is
not distended? Is distended? Correct Answer 2-6mm, 2-4mm

What does Crohn's disease primarily affect? What layer does
inflammation start? Correct Answer Ileum, submucosa

Describe the sonographic presentation of Crohn's disease.
Correct Answer Thickened bowel wall and surrounding
mesentery, target lesion, hypervascularity

List four clinical symptoms of Crohn's disease. Correct Answer
Cramping, weight loss, fever, diarrhoea, blood in stool, decreased
appetite

Failure of the intestine to propel its contents due to diminished
motility. Correct Answer Ileus

Define intussusception. Correct Answer Telescoping of one part
of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent part

Echogenic mass seen in the midline. In the transverse plane
appears as multiple concentric rings. Correct Answer
Intussusception

Intussusception is more common in ______. When it occurs in
______ it's almost always due to a bowel ______. Correct Answer
Children, adults, lesion

Abnormal twisting of the intestines appearing as a dilated c-
shaped loop containing only fluid, no air. Correct Answer
Volvulus

, Describe the sonographic findings of acute appendicitis, including
diameter and wall thickness measurements. Correct Answer
Noncompressible, hypervascular, target shaped lesion,
calcification often present, >6mm diameter, >2mm wall thickness

Rebound tenderness and pain located over the appendix is
referred to as? Correct Answer Positive McBurney's sign

Describe the clinical presentation of appendicitis. Correct Answer
Fever, nausea, vomiting, leukocytosis, RLQ pain, positive
McBurney's sign

Give four obstructive aetiologies of appendicitis. Correct Answer
Fecal material, foreign bodies, carcinoma, stenosis, inflammation,
kinking

List the complications of appendicitis. Correct Answer Abscess
formation, rupture, peritonitis

Describe the sonographic findings of bowel obstruction. Correct
Answer Multiple dilated fluid-filled bowel loops, markedly
increased peristalsis

Where do the majority of colon cancers occur? Correct Answer
Rectum and rectosigmoid colon

What is the normal splenic length, width and thickness (AP)
measurements. Correct Answer 10-12cm, 7cm, 3-4cm

What is the most common aetiology of splenic abscess? Correct
Answer Infective endocarditis

Most common benign splenic and hepatic neoplasm; consist of
large blood-filled cystic spaces; appears well-defined with

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