Antibacterial - answer-kills bacteria or prevents its growth
Ex: ciprofloxacin
Antifungal - answer-kills or inhibits growth of fungi
Ex: amphotericin b
Antiviral - answer-kills viruses or prevents its growth
Ex: acyclovir
Antiprotozoal - answer-kills or inhibits parasitic infections
Ex...
Antimicrobials (antibiotics) key takeaways - answer-- always obtain cultures before administering
antibiotic
- patients may receive combination therapy until organism is identified
- ensure patients always complete the full course of antibiotics
Culture collection order (timeline) - answer-- obtain blood culture first
- obtain urine culture second
- administer antibiotics
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - answer-- effective against a few specific bacteria
- covers either gram-positive or gram-negative
Broad spectrum antibiotics - answer-- effective against a wide variety of bacteria
- covers both gram-positive and gram-negative
Patient education for antimicrobials - answer-- difference between viral and bacterial infections
- medication considerations: refrigeration, light sensitivity
- combination therapy used until causative agent is identified
- how and when to take medication
Penicillins - mechanism of action - answer-- weakens cell wall, causes water uptake and cell rupture
- bactericidal (kills cells)
, Ampicillin - answer-penicillin preferred drug for gram-negative bacteria
Patient education for penicillins - answer-- take with full glass of water
- take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
- most common reaction is an allergic reaction (hives, shortness of breath, wheezing)
Cephalosporins - mechanism of action - answer-- binds to penicillin-binding proteins, disrupts cell wall
synthesis causing cell lysis (breakdown of the outer layer)
- bactericidal (kills cells)
1st generation cephalosporins - therapeutic use - answer-- used for simple respiratory, ear, skin, urinary
tract infections
- not as effective for gram-negative bacteria
- do not give to patients with penicillin allergy
2nd generation cephalosporins - therapeutic use - answer-- more effective for gram-negative bacteria
- not effective against meningitis due to poor csf concentration
- do not give to patients with penicillin allergy
3rd generation cephalosporin - therapeutic use - answer-- preferred therapy due to effectiveness against
many bacteria
- effective against gram-negative bacteria
- good csf penetration
- do not give to patients with penicillin allergy
4th generation cephalosporins - therapeutic use - answer-- highest effectiveness of gram-negative
bacteria
- treats severe skin infections, hospital acquired pneumonia
- good csf penetration
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