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Chemistry review assessment
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1) Carbon 14 is an isotope of carbon element with an atomic mass of 14. The atomic number ofcarbon is 6, protons and electrons always equal the same number as atomic number so protons
and electrons are 6. The formula used to calculate the number of neutrons can be derived from
the formula Mass = number of protons + neutrons; the new formula will be neutrons = mass -
number of protons. 14 - 6 = 8.
2) Lithium. b) Isotopes
3) Sodium has one valence electron and chlorine has 7, chlorine needs one more electron to
complete its orbit and become stable which sodium can provide. When chlorine gains one
electron from sodium, sodium will gain a positive (+1) charge and chlorine will gain a negative
(-1) charge. Opposite charges attract therefore these elements will bond and create sodium
chloride.
4) A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals to complete their orbit.
The first difference is that in a covalent bond, electrons are being shared while in an ionic bond
electrons are being transferred. The second difference is that in a covalent bond, non metals share
electrons between both elements, in an ionic bond a nonmetal and metal transfer electrons to the
other element. The third difference is that after the transfer of electrons in an ionic, the elements
gain charges; charges in a covalent bond do not take place.
5) Electronegativity
6) Polar covalent bond.
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