NURSING FUNDAMENTALS LATEST
EDITION TESTBA NK
300+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
autonomy - ANSWER ✔ respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
nonmaleficence - ANSWER ✔ avoid causing harm
beneficence - ANSWER ✔ benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and
harms
nurse practice acts - ANSWER ✔ each state has its own; protects public with
legal scope of nursing practice
Clara Barton - ANSWER ✔ established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds
and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the
army of James
sources of knowledge - ANSWER ✔ -traditional ( passed down from generation
to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - ANSWER ✔ you can see the object
subjective - ANSWER ✔ coming from that subject
types of knowledge - ANSWER ✔ -science (observing, identifying, describing,
investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used
to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a
desired result)
goals of nursing research - ANSWER ✔ -improve care in clinical setting
,-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing
history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
inference - ANSWER ✔ judgment-ask questions to validate
documentation - ANSWER ✔ enter data asap, if it isn't recorded, it didn't happen,
summarize, use pt's own words, avoid non-specific terms
health assessment - ANSWER ✔ gather information about pt's health status,
identify strengths and actual and potential health problems, pt's response to the
condition, TO ESTABLISH A BASE FOR THE NURSING PROCESS
components of health assessment - ANSWER ✔ health hx and physical
assessment
preparing for the physical exam - ANSWER ✔ consider the needs of the patient,
explain the process, ask pt to change into a gown and empty bladder, answer
questions directly and honestly, gather necessary supplies, provide privacy, and a
warm quiet room with adequate lighting
common pieces of equipment used during a physical assessment - ANSWER ✔
stethescope, snellen chart, opthalmoscope, otoscope
techniques used during a physical exam - ANSWER ✔ inspection,palpation,
percussion, auscultation
inspection - ANSWER ✔ looking to observe-using eyes
look for symmetry in body parts, color
palpation - ANSWER ✔ touching-assess temp with back of hand, turgor-pinch
fold of skin, moisture, texture, shape-masses/lumps
percussion - ANSWER ✔ striking one object against another to produce sound to
determine location, shape, size, and density of tissue
percussion tones - ANSWER ✔ flat-soft muscle
dull-medium-liver(solid organs
, resonance-loud-lung (air)
Hyperresonance-very loud-emphysema (more air pockets)
tympany-loud-gastric (air bubble)
auscultation - ANSWER ✔ listening with the stethescope to lungs, heart and
abdomen, listen for pitch, loudness,quality and rate
normal breath sounds - ANSWER ✔ bronchial-heard over the trachea-high
pitched, harsh sounds
bronchiovesicular- heard over the mainstream bronchus-moderate"blowing"
sounds,
vesicular-heard over the base of the lungs-soft and low pitched
When assessing the abdomen what order should the techniques be performed -
ANSWER ✔ inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
purpose of documentation - ANSWER ✔ if it isn't recorded, it didn't happen, to
identify actual and potential health problems, plan appropriate care, evaluate the
pt's responses to tx,
roles of the nurse in dx procedures - ANSWER ✔ assist, be responsible for
equipment needed, witness pt's consent, schedule tests, prepare pt physically and
emotionally, provide care after test, dispose of used equipment, transport
specimens
ABC - ANSWER ✔ airway, breathing, circulation
afebrile - ANSWER ✔ without fever
anti-pyretic - ANSWER ✔ fever reducing agent
apnea - ANSWER ✔ no breathing
bradycadia - ANSWER ✔ heart rate below 60
bradypnea - ANSWER ✔ decreased respiratory rate
