NUR 333 Practice Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Understand the definitions of health ✅-"A complete state of physical, mental, social,
and emotional well-being, not merely the absence of disease" -The World Health
Organization \
-"The ability to adapt and se;f-manage in the face of social, physical, and emotional
challenges" -Jadad and O'grady
-Health is not a fixed state; It varies depending on an individual's life state so its
dynamic state may need to be considered in a definition
What are the social determinants of health and examples? ✅-Social determinants of
health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, and age
-They include factors like socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical
environment, employment, and social support networks as well as access to health care
-Social determinants of health are responsible for the inequities in health or the
differences seen between individuals, families, communities, and counties
-Some examples are poverty, inadequate housing, poor sanitation, suboptimal food,
lack of education, and social discrimination
-5 main categories according to healthy people 2030: economic stability, education,
health and health care, social and community context, and neighborhood and built
environment
Understand what downstream and upstream determinants of health are ✅-Individual
factors are downstream determinants of health and they include knowledge, beliefs,
attitudes, and behaviors
-These individual factors are shaped by the upstream determinants
-The upstream determinants are the living and working conditions and economic and
social opportunities and resources; it is a movement to create a healthy society through
evidence-based, people centered ideas
-EXAMPLE: Upstream factors include social disadvantage, risk exposure, and socials
inequalities that play a fundamental role in "poor health outcomes" and thus represent
important opportunities for improving health and reducing health disparities
-DOWNSTREAM EXAMPLE: Chronic disease treatment → emergency services,
pharmacology, surgery and dialysis
-UPSTREAM EXAMPLE: Addressing social determinants of health → conditions in
which people are born, grow, live, work, and play
What is health promotion and what it requires? ✅-Health promotion assumes a broad
vision of health and a holistic approach to addressing health
-"Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior toward a wide
range of social and environmental interventions" -WHO
, Core principles of health promotion ✅-Participation → involves stakeholders at all
stages
-Empowerment → enable communities to take control over the personal,
socioeconomic, and environmental factors that affect their health
-Holism → consider all health components: physical, mental, social, and spiritual
-Intersectoral → ensure collaboration from all disciplines
-Equity → seek fairness in ehealth and social justice
-Sustainability → implement strategies that can be sustained after programs have
ended
What is social capital? ✅-Social capital represents the networks of relationships
among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function
effectively (maintain or gain valued resources)
-Social capital is a property of communities
What is a community? ✅-Living resources → food, shelter, and employment
-Environmental resources → public green spaces, learning spaces and meeting spaces,
and public art
-Safety → ability to access public spaces and the role of police
-Community connection → social capital
Core elements of a community ✅-Locus → a sense of place; something that could be
located and described denoting a sense of place, locale, or boundaries
-Sharing → common interests and perspectives; the existence of share perspective and
common interests that contribute to a sense of community
-Action → (joint action); a source of cohesion and identity that naturally emerges from
joint action
-Social ties → the foundation of community made up of interpersonal relationships at all
levels
-Diversity → complexity within a community that focuses on the larger societal view of
community
What are subjective and objective community assessments? ✅-Subjective → Used to
describe something that is centered to a person's own mune and perspectives as
opposed to being scientific and universal
-Objective → Not influenced by an individual's own viewpoint and is unbiased
The 5 categories of social determinants of health based on Healthy People 2020/2030
and examples ✅Economic stability, education, health and health care, social and
community context, and neighborhood and built environment
What does health disparities mean? ✅Preventable differences in the burden of
disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experiences
by socially disadvantaged populations
