Essay
Biol 442 Influenza Virus Essay
- Course
- BIO 442
- Institution
- Bloomsburg University Of Pennsylvania
Comprehensive and detailed Essay on Influenza Virus for Biol 442.
[Show more]
Content preview
INFLUENZA VIRUSVitória Nery
VIROLOGY FINAL – ESSAY QUESTIONS 05/08/2020
, Classification
The name Influenza is derived form Italian language meaning “influence”, referring to the cause
of the disease.
influenza virus is classified under Baltimore class V and are part of the group Orthomyxoviruses
from the Orthomyxoviridae family.
Virion and Genome Properties
Influenza viruses are enveloped, linear, negative sense and ssRNA viruses. Their size varies from
80-120 nm. Shapewise, they are enveloped and have a quasi-spherical or filamentous capsid.
Their genome size is about 10-15kB and thay have about 6-8 segments.
Influenza viruses are divided in four difference groups: groups A, B, C and D.
Structurewise there have about 500 spikes and nine main proteins packaged. Along these proteins
there are glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) around the central core and
also nucleocapsid protein (NP), M2 ion channels and matrix protein (M1).
Recognition and attachment
This vision starts with a cellular adhesion event that is controlled by hemagglutinin. This is the
viral ligand. Hemagglutinin recognizes and then binds to sialic acid residues. These residues are
the host receptor. These residues vary in different species, causing infections to occur in different
places. It is a factor in determining host range. For a(2,6) linkages, it is mostly in the cells of the
human respiratory tract which causes issues with the lungs. For a(2,3) linkage, this occurs in
cells lining the avian gut that cause them issues with their intestines. Both a(2,6) and a(2,3) are
prevalent in pig tracheas, which questions the possibility that mixing occurred.
Mode of entry and site of virion uncoating
Influenza virus is hemmaglutinin fusion-incompetent, meaning fusion peptide is not
exposed nor activated. Cleavage of the peptide is required for infectivity. This protease cleavage
peptide can occur in two different locations, either intracellularly or extracellularly. When it
happens intracellularly it requires furin protease, the pathogenicity is higher, and strains spread
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now