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Samenvatting: sociology of organizations
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Samenvatting van de lessen van het vak sociology of organizations dat gegeven wordt door Ann Crabbé
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SAMENVATTING SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONSEXAMEN:
2 vragen, half uur voorbereidingstijd, alles wat je wil mag je meenemen om voor te bereiden, dan
opgeschreven voorbereiding gebruiken voor mondeling examen
= > pas op want als je nt weet waar je moet zoeken voor antwoord wordt het moeilijk, studeer ervoor zoals
voor een gesloten boek examen: zo makkelijker om te weten waar je voor iets moet zoeken,…
= > je moet goed weten waar de theorie voor staat, belangrijk om verbanden te kunnen leggen tussen de
theorieën
INHOUD
EXAMEN: ................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Chapter 1: Organisaties als rationele systemen ...................................................................................................... 4
teksten ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
overzicht .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
inhoud ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Het sociale leven is ingebed in organisaties .................................................................................................... 4
Verschillende soorten organisatorische problemen en "publieken".............................................................. 5
De elementen van organisaties: de essentiële ingrediënten .......................................................................... 6
Organisaties als studiegebied: gemeenschappelijke en uiteenlopende belangen .......................................... 6
Wat is een organisatie? definities ................................................................................................................... 7
theorieën over organisaties als rationele systemen (4) .................................................................................... 10
Taylor's wetenschappelijk management (taylors scientific management) ................................................... 10
De bestuurstheorie van Fayol (fayol’s administrative theory) ...................................................................... 11
COÖRDINATIE ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Simons theorie van bestuurlijk gedrag (simon’s theory of administrative behavior) ................................... 13
Weber's theorie van bureaucratie (weber’s theory of bureaucracy) ........................................................... 14
chapter 2: natuurlijke en open systeemperspectieven .................................................................................... 17
teksten .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 17
organisaties als natuurlijke systemen .............................................................................................................. 17
Organisaties als natuurlijke systemen: Complexiteit van doelen ....................................................... 17
De institutionele benadering van Selznick (institutional approach) ................................................................. 18
weber vs selznick ........................................................................................................................................... 18
het verschil tussen nagestreefde (professed) en operationele doelen ......................................................... 19
organisaties als natuurlijke systemen: de informele structuur (S en D H3. p.62) ............................................. 19
3 misvattingen over informele structuren: ................................................................................................... 20
1
, 4 verschillende natuurlijke systeem theoretici en hun benadering .................................................................. 20
het coöperatieve systeem van barnard (cooperative system) ..................................................................... 20
Mayo en de school voor menselijke relaties ‘the human relations school’ .................................................. 21
Organizations as open systems ‘het open systeemperspectief’ ..................................................................... 25
Systemen - > combinatie van onderling afhankelijke onderdelen (subsystemen) ........................................ 25
"Waar staan we als onderzoeksveld?" Boulding's schaal van systeemcomplexiteit toegepast op
organisatiestudies: ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Zelfregulering vs. zelfbehoud: ....................................................................................................................... 27
Cybernetische systemen ............................................................................................................................... 29
organisaties als open systemen .................................................................................................................... 29
samenvattend ............................................................................................................................................... 29
chapter 3: Organisatietypologieën en correlatiestudies ....................................................................................... 30
teksten .............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Typologie studies: BLau en scott....................................................................................................................... 30
Soorten organisatorische problemen en doelgroepen ..................................................................................... 31
Typology studies: Blau and Scott: 4 soorten organisaties ............................................................................... 31
1: Mutual benefit associations ..................................................................................................................... 31
2: Zakelijke belangen (Business concerns) .................................................................................................... 32
3: Dienstverlenende organisaties (Service organizations)............................................................................ 32
4: Gemeenschappelijke welzijnsorganisaties (Common weal organizations) .............................................. 33
Pro and con of this typology? ........................................................................................................................ 33
Typology studies: Burns and Stalker ................................................................................................................. 33
Mechanistische en organische managementsystemen: ............................................................................. 34
2 grote misvattingen over de typologie van Burns en Stalker .......................................................................... 34
Typologie- en correlatiestudies ......................................................................................................................... 35
Hage’s axiomatic theory of organizations ......................................................................................................... 35
Belangrijkste hypothesen (7): ....................................................................................................................... 36
Lawrence and Lorsch: differentiation and integration .................................................................................... 38
Chapter 4: Organisaties en microperspectieven .............................................................................................. 40
teksten .............................................................................................................................................................. 40
Inleiding en overzicht ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Micro vs. Macro perspectieven ..................................................................................................................... 40
de contingentietheorie: een introductie ........................................................................................................... 41
INDUSTRIËLE ORGANISATIE VAN WOODWARD ............................................................................................... 42
Resultaten = 3 grote trends ........................................................................................................................... 43
Een korte evaluatie van Woodwards onderzoek .......................................................................................... 44
2
, 3 belangrijke onzekerheden en structurele aspecten: .................................................................................. 44
samengevat: .................................................................................................................................................. 45
Contingentietheorie: Onderliggende aannames ............................................................................................... 45
Het kernparadigma van de contingentietheorie ............................................................................................... 46
Het SARFIT-model (structural adaptation to regain fit) ................................................................................ 47
Contingentietheorie: conceptuele en theoretische integratie...................................................................... 48
Contingentietheorieën: organisch en bureaucratisch ................................................................................... 49
mindmap ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
chapter 5: Organisaties en microperspectieven b ........................................................................................... 51
Teksten .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 51
resource dependency theory (Hulpbron afhankelijkheidstheorie) (RDT) --> micro .......................................... 51
A. Strategische contigentietheorie van intra-organisatorische macht
51
B. Departementele visie van de hulbronnen afhankelijkheidstheorie .......................................................... 54
C. Transactiekost theorie (TCT) (Scott & davis) ............................................................................................ 57
chapter 6: Organisaties en macroperspectieven A .......................................................................................... 63
Organizational ecology approach ...................................................................................................................... 63
Basiskenmerken ............................................................................................................................................ 63
Charles Darwin .............................................................................................................................................. 64
Organizational ecology approach: principal concern .................................................................................... 64
Factoren die de populatiedynamiek beïnvloeden (3) ................................................................................... 65
Algemene kenmerken van bevolkingen: ....................................................................................................... 67
Organizational foundings: A case study ........................................................................................................ 67
Concentratie en specialisatie: dynamiek van nichebreedte.......................................................................... 69
Chapter 7: Organisaties en macroperspectieven B ............................................................................................... 72
Neo-institutional theory: An introduction ........................................................................................................ 72
Wat is een instelling (institution)? ................................................................................................................ 72
Neo-institutional theory .................................................................................................................................... 73
Voorbeeld neo-institutional theory: voetbalcoaches.................................................................................... 74
Neo-institutional theory: DiMaggio and Powell ............................................................................................ 74
Dwingende isomorfie .................................................................................................................................... 75
Mimetic isomorphism: .................................................................................................................................. 75
Normatief isomorfisme: ................................................................................................................................ 75
Criticisms on neo-institutional theory (macro-level) (4 kritieken) .................................................................... 76
Case study: Organizational downsizing ............................................................................................................. 77
Van theorie naar praktijk: ............................................................................................................................. 78
3
, Chapter 8: Organizational sociology: Current problems & future prospects ........................................................ 81
Introduction: towards a post-positivist approach ............................................................................................ 81
Trend 1: Van een unitair naar een multiparadigma .......................................................................................... 81
Trend 2: From monocultural to multicultural studies ...................................................................................... 83
Trend 3: From present-centered to longitudinal and historical analysis ........................................................ 83
Voorbeeld van een Variance theories .......................................................................................................... 84
Voorbeeld van Process theories ................................................................................................................... 84
Longitudinal studies: ..................................................................................................................................... 84
Trend 4: From micro- to macro units and levels of analysis.............................................................................. 85
Trend 5: From structure to process................................................................................................................... 85
CHAPTER 1: ORGANISATIES ALS RATIONELE SYSTEMEN
TEKSTEN
Handel + Scott and Davis tekst 1 en 2
OVERZICHT
Van de jaren 1960 tot de jaren 1990 zijn perspectieven op organisaties complexer en talrijker geworden:
(Contingentie theorie - Theorie van de
afhankelijkheid van hulpbronnen - Theorie van de
transactiekosten)
(Organisatorische ecologie - Neo-institutionele
theorie)
INHOUD
HET SOCIALE LEVEN IS INGEBED IN ORGANISATIES
"... De samenleving is in de afgelopen eeuwen veranderd in de structurele elementen waaruit zij is
samengesteld"* "Wanneer organisaties de karakteristieke structuren in de samenleving zijn, kan inzicht in
hoe ze werken veel licht werpen op de biografieën van hun deelnemers."
4
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