Summary Alternative to practical paper support for Cambridge IGCSE & O/L students
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Course
Chemistry
Institution
11th Grade
The alternative to practical paper support booklets provides the knowledge on all the practicals which are commonly appear in papers and tips , hazards and precautions.
This booklet is designed to improve the chemistry practical knowledge of Cambridge IGCSE and O/L students.
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
1. An introduction to alternative to
practical paper
2. Identify the laboratory apparatus
3. Measuring , observations, recoding
data and plotting graphs
4. Experimental techniques
5. The common set up of apparatus for
the investigation
6. Hazards ,Risk and safety precautions
7. Identification of cations anions and
gases
1
, 1. An introduction to alternative
to practical paper.
In this paper ,the candidates are tested on experimental knowledge of them.
Most of experiments are based on the laboratory work you have carried out or
you teacher had demonstrated to you.
The following guide lines remind you what you have completed in your lab and
practical record book.
You need a familiarity with standard laboratory equipment and how to use
them on the purpose.
You should have ability to how to get data, record them and plot the graph.
Interpretation of graphs is a must.
You should have good memory of colours of chemicals you have handled
in the laboratory and their states (gas, liquid or solid).
In some questions you have to justify a statement given and it should be
justified with reference to your answers.
As well you should have knowledge about common practical
errors, improvements to get accurate results.
Knowledge of hazards and how to avoid them.
The paper contains particular unique command words that you should
understand.
Command words and meanings
Analyze `meaning
Calculate work out from given facts,
figures or information
Compare identify/comment on similarities
and/or differences
Consider review and respond to given
information
Contrast identify/comment on differences
2
,Deduce conclude from available
information
Define give precise meaning
Demonstrate show how or give an example
Describe state the points of a topic / give
characteristics and main
features
Determine establish an answer using the
information available
Discuss write about issue(s) or topic(s)
in depth in a structured way
Evaluate judge or calculate the quality,
importance, amount, or value of
something
Examine investigate closely, in detail
Explain set out purposes or reasons /
make the relationships between
things evident / provide why
and/or how and support with
relevant evidence
Give produce an answer from a given
source or recall/memory
make a simple freehand
Sketch drawing showing the key
features, taking care over
proportions
Identify name / select / recognize
Justify support a case with
evidence/argument
Predict suggest what may happen
based on available information
Show (that) provide structured evidence
that leads to a given result
State express in clear terms
Suggest apply knowledge and
understanding to situations
where there are a range of valid
responses in order to make
3
, proposals / put forward
considerations
Examine examine in detail to show
meaning
Typically the alternative to practical paper based on
following experimental contexts
1. simple quantitative experiments, including the
measurement of:
– volumes of gases or solutions / liquids
– masses
– temperatures
– times
– lengths
2. rates of reaction
3. salt preparation
4. ` separation and purification techniques, including:
– filtration
– crystallisation
– simple distillation
– fractional distillation
– chromatography
5. electrolysis
6. identification of metal ions, non-metal ions and gases
7. chemical tests for water
8. test-tube reactions of dilute acids, including ethanoic acid
9. tests for oxidising and reducing agents
10. heating and cooling curves
11. titrations
12. solubility
13. melting points and boiling points
14. displacement reactions of metals and halogens
15. temperature changes during reactions
4
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