NBME CBSE: PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES PT. 1 Exam Questions With Verified Answers
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Course
NBME CBSE
Institution
NBME CBSE
NBME CBSE: PUBLIC HEALTH
SCIENCES PT. 1 Exam Questions With
Verified Answers
What is a case series? - answerDescription of clinical findings/symptoms for several patients
with the same diagnosis, treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study? - answerAssesses the frequency of disease ...
NBME CBSE: PUBLIC HEALTH
SCIENCES PT. 1 Exam Questions With
Verified Answers
What is a case series? - answer✔Description of clinical findings/symptoms for several patients
with the same diagnosis, treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study? - answer✔Assesses the frequency of disease and risk-related
factors in the present.
What is a case-control study? - answer✔Retrospectively compares a group of people with a
disease to a group without the disease to determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor differ.
What is a cohort study? - answer✔Compares a group of people with a given exposure/risk factor
to a group without exposure to determine if the exposure/risk factor is associated with later
development of disease.
What is a twin concordance study? - answer✔Compares the frequency with which both
monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic twins develop the same disease to measure heritability and
influence of environmental factors.
What is an adoption study? - answer✔Compares behavioral traits/genetics in siblings raised by
biological vs adoptive parents to measure heritability and influence of environmental factors.
What is an ecological study? - answer✔Compares the frequency of disease and risk-related
factors across populations to measure population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial? - answer✔An experimental study involving humans that
compares the benefits of two or more interventions.
What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical trial? - answer✔Randomized, controlled, and
double-blinded
What is a crossover clinical trial? - answer✔Compares the effect of multiple treatments on a
subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a crossover trial? - answer✔To
avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial? - answer✔A period between treatments to
eliminate any lingering effects
What is the advantage of using a crossover trial? - answer✔Subjects serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis? - answer✔Analyzing all subjects according to their
original assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis? - answer✔To avoid bias from attrition,
crossover, and noncompliance
What is the disadvantage of intention-to-treat analysis? - answer✔May dilute the true effects of
the intervention
What is the as-treated analysis? - answer✔Analyzing subjects according to the treatment they
actually received
What is the disadvantage of as-treated analysis? - answer✔Increases the risk of bias
What is the per-protocol analysis? - answer✔Excluding subjects who did not complete the
originally assigned treatment
What is the disadvantage of per-protocol analysis? - answer✔Increases the risk of bias
What are the five phases of clinical trials? - answer✔Preclinical, Phase 0, Phase 1, Phase 2,
Phase 3, Phase 4
What happens in the preclinical phase of clinical trials? - answer✔Testing the drug in lab
animals and in vitro
What happens in Phase 0 of clinical trials? - answer✔Initial assessment of pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics via microdosing
What is the purpose of Phase 1 of clinical trials? - answer✔Safety assessment and determining
the maximum tolerable dose
What is the purpose of Phase 2 of clinical trials? - answer✔Assessing efficacy and short-term
adverse effects
What is the purpose of Phase 3 of clinical trials? - answer✔Assessing effectiveness compared to
standard of care or placebo
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