Active transport - Correct Answer-involves the use of energy in the
form of ATP to move substances across the membrane
Passive transport - Correct Answer-does not require energy and makes
use of didffusion and filtration
Diffusion - Correct Answer-particles move in a random manner,
spreading evenly throughout an available space and moving from
regions of high concentration to those of low concentration.
Osmosis - Correct Answer-A specific type of diffusion is that of water.
Water moves from an area of high water concentration (or low
concentration) to an area of low water concentration (high particle
concentration
Isotonic - Correct Answer-When the solute concentration of the water
is the same as that inside the cell. Thus, the amount of water that
leaves the cell and the amount that enters it are equal.
Hypertonic - Correct Answer-When the solute is more concentrated
outside the cell than inside it. Water leaves the cell due to osmosis; it
,moves from the high-water/low-particle concentration to low-
water/high-particle concentration. As a result, the cell shrinks.
Hypotonic - Correct Answer-If the solute concentration outside the cell
is lower than that inside the cell. Water flows into the cell (again high-
water/low-particle concentration to low-water/high-particle
concentration). If the flow continues long enough, the cell bursts.
Filtration - Correct Answer-the movement of water and solutes through
the membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic, pressure.
Autotrophs - Correct Answer-are organisms that produce their own
food from inorganic substances. Plants are these.
Heterotrophs - Correct Answer-obtain their food by consuming plants
or other animals. They are also referred to as consumers.
Cell - Correct Answer-the smallest living unit and the basic unit of
function and structure for all living things.
Nucleus - Correct Answer-contains the genetic information, or DNA,
and controls the activities of the cell.
Plasma (cell) membrane - Correct Answer-separates the contents of the
cell from the surrounding fluid (interstitial fluid)
,Semipermeable membrane - Correct Answer-refers to the selective
nature of the plasma membrane. It contains pores and channels that
allow only particles of the right size or the right chemical nature to pass
through.
Interstitial fluide - Correct Answer-contains substances such as amino
acids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and salts.
Cytoplasm - Correct Answer-is the fluid matrix found between the
plasma membrane and the nucleus that acts as scaffolding for the
organelles.
Organelles - Correct Answer-(little organs) are specialized units in the
cell that per form certain functions.
Mitochondria - Correct Answer-are the locations for cellular respiration,
that is, the conversion of food to energy at the cellular level. The site of
energy production and of most of its ATP.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - Correct Answer-the chemical the cell
uses to store and transfer energy within itself.
Ribosomes - Correct Answer-are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell
, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Correct Answer-Ribosomes are attached.
Serves as a means for transport within the cell and is made up of many
channels. Rough endoplasmic reticulum named for the fact that it has
ribosomes on its surface, serves to store and deliver the proteins made
by the attached ribosomes. Smooth ER is free of ribosomes it performs
varying functions in different cells, including the storage of enzymes
and minerals and the folding of proteins, among other things. It is
thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the
metabolism of fats.
Golgi complex - Correct Answer-modifies and packages proteins
destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell.
Lysosomes - Correct Answer-are sacs that contain strong digestive
enzymes. These sacs are responsible for digesting cell structures that
are no longer living or that are malfunctioning, and for digesting waste.
Cell wall - Correct Answer-Only plant cells have them. It is responsible
for the protection of the cell, the maintenance of the shape, and water
balance.
Chloroplasts - Correct Answer-contain chlorophyll, which is necessary
for photosynthesis.
Vacuoles - Correct Answer-plant cells also often large ones. Which are
compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion,
excretion, and storage.
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