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NUR 207 Exam #4 With Complete Solution Latest Update $9.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NUR 207 Exam #4 With Complete Solution Latest Update

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NUR 207 Exam #4 With Complete Solution Latest Update...

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  • October 2, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 207
  • NUR 207
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Stetson
NUR 207 Exam #4 With Complete Solution
Latest Update

Anuria

absence of urine formation

Bacteriuria

bacteria in the urine

Enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine (bedwetting)

Glycosuria

•glucose is the urine

Hematuria

•blood in the urine

Ketonuria

acetone bodies (ketones) in the urine

Micturition

the physical action involved in active urination

Proteinuria

protein, usually albumin, in the urine

Pyuria

pus in the urine

Kidney Function

•Fluid & electrolyte balance

•Acid base balance

•HPO4 buffer system

,•NH3 buffer system

•Regulate arterial blood pressure (RAAS)

•Renin

•Angiotensin II

•Aldosterone

•Excrete waste products

•Urea

•Creatinine

kidney stucture

•Cortex (outer layer): glomeruli & tubules

•Medulla (middle layer): renal pyramids

•Renal pelvis (inner layer): calyces

•Nephron - functional unit

•Filters - glomerulus

•Reabsorbs - tubule

Secretes - tubule

General Effect of Diuretic Therapy

•Decreases intravascular volume

•May be useful in extravascular fluid accumulation (ascites, effusions, etc.)

•Decreases mechanical workload on heart

•May be useful in decreasing cardiac workload in heart failure

•May be useful in preventing complications of heart failure

•Decreases serum potassium levels (thiazides & loop diuretics only)

•May be useful therapeutically in hyperkalemia

•Enhances renal function

•Cannot correct true renal failure

Effects of Potassium Sparing Diuretics on Urine Formation

, •Potassium sparing diuretics act on the terminal end of the distal convoluted tubule
(DCT) •Generally, the weakest class of diuretics •Inhibit sodiumpotassium pump
•Sodium stays in the tubule à flushed out •Potassium is resorbed from tubule à
reclaimed •Spironolactone inhibits aldosterone to achieve this effect •Sodium gets
flushed out, water follows •More urine volume is secreted/cleared Urine Formation
Impact of Thiazide Diuretics Thiazide diuretics act on the proximal end of the distal
convoluted tubule (DCT) Moderately aggressive diuretic class

Blocks sodium channels in DCT

Sodium stays in the tubule à flushed out

Sodium gets flushed out, water follows

More urine volume is secreted/ cleared

Urine Formation Effect of Loop Diuretics

Loop diuretics work in the loop of Henle

Potent, quick action à dramatic rise in urinary output

Inhibits the activity of the sodium-potassium-chloride transporter in the thick limb of the
loop of Henle

Tubule clearance of sodium, potassium and chloride dramatically increased

Also increases excretion of trace calcium & magnesium

A lot of sodium is flushed, a lot of water follows

Much greater urine volume is excreted/cleared

Urine Formation Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAI)

•CAIs work in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

•A mild effect as a diuretic is associated with CAIs

•Works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase; normally allows for bicarbonate to be
reabsorbed

•Bicarbonate remains in tubule à sodium, bicarbonate and chloride is flushed out

•Sodium & bicarbonate gets flushed out, water follows

•More urine volume is secreted/cleared

•Watch for acidosis - less bicarbonate to act as buffer

Urine Formation - Effect of Osmotic Diuretics

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