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NURS 1220- Exam 1 Questions And 100% Correct Answers (A+ Graded)
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NURS 1220- Exam 1 Questions And 100%Correct Answers (A+ Graded)
Define gas exchange
exchange of oxygen being transported to cells & carbon dioxide being transported from
cells
s/s of ineffective gas exchange (3)
Cyanosis
Confusion
Altered mental status
define ischemia
Insufficient blood supply to the tissue → may lead to cellular death
define hypoxia
Inadequate oxygen is being transported to cells
define anoxia
SEVERE form of hypoxia
Complete absence of O2 to body tissues
define hypoxemia
less O2 in arterial blood
,LABS: hemoglobin & hematocrit: male vs female
14-16 Females ///16-18 Males
what is ventilation?
movement of air into and out of the lungs
list different ways ventilation might be impaired
trauma to lungs or chest, smoking, asthma, obstruction, collapsed lung
**basically anytime there is an airway obstruction or constriction!**
what is transport?
Availability & ability of hemoglobin to carry O2 from alveoli → cells & for metabolism
Blood taking O2 → organs & carrying CO2 out from cells
why do we want to know RBC & hemoglobin levels in regard to transport?
Important to know RBC and hemoglobin levels (anemia affects transport)
what is perfusion?
Ability of blood to carry O2 to cells & carry CO2 to lungs for elimination
what might impair perfusion?
what does impaired perfusion lead to??
,Smoking, stroke, heart attack, trauma, surgery
If oxygen cannot get to the cells; CO2 is not transported out→ respiratory acidosis
consequences of impaired gas exchange
Fatigue
Increased RR (to get more O2 in)
Increased pulse
Acid imbalance
Cellular ischemia
Necrosis
why are infants at risk for impaired gas exchange?
-Immature lungs
-Fetal hemoglobin (shorted survival of RBCs)
-lower level of hemoglobin caused by gradually
-diminishing maternal iron stores
-Decreased alveolar surface area for gas exchange
-Easier to get obstructions (mucus, edema, objects, etc)
, why are young children at risk for impaired gas exchange?
Prone to sickness/infection → weakened immune system (daycare, schools, etc)
Choking hazards
why are older adults @ risk for impaired gas exchange?
Poor immune system
Plaques & calcifications
Weaker respiratory muscles → difficult time coughing up secretions → pneumonia
Cartilage stiffens
As you age, system slows down
dilation of alveoli, decreased surface area for gas diffusion, and decreased pulmonary
capillary network
the ability toe initiate an immune response to infection is decreased in older adults.
immobility=clots
AGE: risk factors for impaired gas exchange
young & elderly
SMOKING: related to impaired gas exchange
damages alveoli, making exchange more difficult; vasoconstriction of vessels
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION: related to impaired gas exchange
more susceptible to respiratory infections → pneumonia
DECREASED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS: related to impaired gas exchange
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