NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5 with Verified Answers
1. Upper GI organs mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
2. Lower GI organs small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
3. Hepatoportal cir- hepatic artery receives oxygenated blood from the inferior
culation mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic portal
vein receives deoxygenated blood from the inferior and
superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and delivers nu-
trients that have been absorbed from the intestinal system
4. Osmotic diarrhea Caused by the presence of a nonabsorbable substance
in the intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into the
intestinal lumen and results in large volume diarrhea. This
is how mag citrate, lactulose and miralax work. Causes in-
clude: excessive ingestion of nonabsorbable sugars, tube
feedings, dumping syndrome, malabsorption, pancreatic
enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small intestine bac-
terial overgrowth or celiac disease
5. Secretory diar- Results in large volume losses secondary to infectious
rhea causes such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
6. Motility diarrhea AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from resection of
small intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS,
diabetic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse.
Fatty stools and bloating are common in malabsorption
syndrome. Complications include: dehydration, electrolyte
imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss and malab-
sorption.
7. Upper GI bleed bleeding that occurs in the esophagus, stomach or duode-
num commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers
or Mallory-Weiss tear(tearing of esophagus from stom-
ach) Characterized by frank, bright red or coffee ground
emesis.
8. Lower GI bleed Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum from in-
flammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemor-
rhoids. Hematochezia, or the presence of bright red blood
in the stools, suggest what kind of bleed
, NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5 with Verified Answers
9. Peptic Ulcer Dis- Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa of the esophagus,
ease stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue
to gastric acid. Risk factors include smoking, advanced
age, NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute pancre-
atitis, COPD, obesity, socioeconomic status, gastrinoma,
and infection with Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric pain
is worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
10. Duodenal ulcers most common and tend to develop in younger patients.
S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients may
have melena(black and tarry stool) or hematemesis
11. Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory disease of the large instestine in persons
(UC) 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has pe-
riods of remission and exacerbations. Characterized by
inflammation and ulcerations that remain superficial and
in the small intestine.
12. UC S&S recurrent diarrhea, bloody stools, febrile, polyarthritis,
uveitis, sclerosing cholangitis, erythema nodosum and py-
oderma gangrenosum
13. UC complica- fissures, hemorrhoids, perirectal abscess, toxic mega-
tions colon, colon perforation, and colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Increased risk of VTE and microthrombi, and colon cancer
14. Crohn's disease Chronic inflammatory disorders that can affect any portion
of the GI tract but most often in the ileum and proximal
colon. Affects persons in their 20-30s and of jewish decent.
CARD15/NOD2 gene mutation commonly associated.
15. Crohn's disease smoking, family history, Jewish decent, age less than 40,
risk factors slight predominance in women and altered gut microbio-
me.
16. Crohn's disease includes trasmural involvement of the affected area(entire
patho wall of intestine is affected) and the presence of skip
lesions. Disease progression may lead to abscess forma-
