HC21 Cardiovascular System Questions + Answers Graded A+

Pericardium - ️️Double sac layering that covers the outside of the heart that reduces friction as heart pumps. What is the purpose of the 4 heart valves? - ️️To keep blood flowing only in one direction in the heart. Functions of the Cardiovascular system - ️️-Supplies nutrients and oxygen -removes metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from cells -Distributes hormones and antibodies -Controls body temperature and balances electrolytes Myocardium - ️️Middle and thickest layer made of muscle tissues that pumps blood throughout body. Endocardium - ️️Smooth innermost layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels that allows for smooth movement. Septum - ️️Muscular wall separating the left and right sides of the heart 4 chambers of heart - ️️2 top atria and 2 bottom ventricles Where does blood enter and exit the heart? - ️️Enters through the atria and exits through the ventricles. Atrioventricular valves - ️️Valves between atria and ventricles on left and right sides. Tricuspid valve - ️️Right valve in atrioventricular section of heart. Bicuspid valve - ️️Left valve in atrioventricular section of heart. Semilunar valve - ️️Valves between ventricles and vessels where blood leaves the heart. Pulmonary Valve - ️️Middle right valve in semilunar section of heart. Aortic Valve - ️️Middle left valve in semilunar section of heart.Pulmonary Circulation - ️️Flow of blood between heart and lungs. Circulation of Deoxygenated blood - ️️The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. Circulation of oxygenated blood - ️️Oxygenated blood returns to left side of the heart and is ready to pump to the rest of the body. Systemic circulation - ️️Flow of blood from the heart to the cells of the body. What causes the heart to beat? - ️️Electrical impulses that cause the muscles to contract and beat. Heart beat cycle - ️️Atria contracts then ventricles contract. When atria contract ventricles relax. While ventricles contract, atria relax. What do blood vessels do? - ️️Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body. Arteries - ️️Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart Veins - ️️Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart Capillaries - ️️Microscopic vessels that carry blood between arterial and venous vessels. arterioles - ️️Very small arterial vessels that branch to form bigger arteries. Where do arterioles send oxygenated blood? - ️️To the capillaries to exchange nutrients, gasses and waste. Where do the capillaries send the deoxygenated blood? - ️️To the venules. Venules - ️️Very small venous vessels that branch together to form veins that pump deoxygenated blood back into the heart. Differences between veins and arteries - ️️-Veins pump blood to the heart -Arteries pump blood away from the heart -Veins are thin -Arteriers are muscular -Veins have valves that keep blood from moving backwards.How much blood is in an average body? - ️️An average body has 4-5 liters of blood that make up 8% of body weight. Formed elements - ️️The solid parts of blood. Plasma - ️️The liquid parts of blood. What part of the blood are blood cells a part of? - ️️Blood cells are a part of the formed elements. Red blood cells - ️️Contains hemoglobin protein that carries oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide. They live 90-120 days then reproduced in bone marrow. Liver and spleen remove dead red blood cells. Hemopoiesis - ️️Production of new red blood cells in bone marrow. White blood cells - ️️Also known as leukocytes. They fight disease and infection. Fewer cells but larger cells. Only live 9 days. platelets - ️️smallest red blood cells that help form clots and prevents blood loss. They become sticky over wounds and plug and seal. Produced in red bone marrow. Lifespan of 5-9 days. Plasma - ️️Yellow liquid left when formed elements are removed from blood. Blood is 55% plasma. What is plasma made up of? - ️️90% water and 10% clotting proteins How is blood type determined? - ️️Blood type is genetically passed on and determined by what proteins are present on the surface of red blood cells.