BIOL 152 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
RATED A.
Subphylum Hexapod
✔✔Class Insecta = Largest class
3 body regions, wings, 3 prs. legs, compound eye
Can you name two insect adaptations to the terrestrial environment?
A rigid exoskeleton is often accompanied by a body surface that is
resistant to water loss. The evolution of wings and the elaborate
development of legs has afforded numerous options for locomotion on
land.. Waxy layer of cuticle, Malpighian tubules, Tracheae
Feeding types
carnivores and herbivores
Complete metamorphosis
Larval stages that are each different
incomplete metamorphosis
molting with each molt looking just like a smaller version
Subphylum Crustacea
✔✔Crabs, shrimps, lobsters
Name distinguishing characters
two pairs of antennae
,walking legs present on thorax and appendages on abdomen
Review the summary phylogeny of the Bilateria!
✔✔Lophotrochozoa
Ecdysozoa
Deuterostomia
Phylum Echinodermata
✔✔Distinguishing characters?
water vascular system- a network of nydraulic canals branching into
extensions called tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding
Blood vascular system- transports nutrients
Are they coelomate? Yes
Tube feet (podia) functions? locomotion and feeding
Describe the symmetry of the larvae and adults.
radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry in larvae
Phylum Chordata
✔✔Know the chordate hallmarks & their functions:
Notochord-(synapomorphy) provides skeletal support throughout most of
the length of a chordate and in larvae or adults that retain it, it also
provides a firm but flexible structure against which muscles can work
during swimming
,dorsal hollow nerve cord- unique to chordates, develops into the central
nervous system: the brain and spinal cord
pharyngeal gill slits-allow water entering mouth to exit the body without
passing through the entire digestive tract. Function as suspension-feeding
devaices in invertebrate chordates. In vertebrates, these slits are used for
gas exchange
postanal tail- locomotion
Subphylum Tunicata (=Urochordata)
✔✔Describe the basic features of the taxon.
Filter feeders
Tadpole larva
Subphylum Cephalochordata
✔✔List the basic features of the taxon.
Blade-like shape
Filter feeders
segmentation
What are somites or myomeres?
somites are blocks of mesoderm that develop muscle segments help
segmentation
myomeres are blocks of skeletal muscle tissue found commonly in
chordates
same thing
, Review the deuterostome phylogeny
✔✔...
What are the synapomorphies of the Craniata?
What are the functions of these characters?
✔✔-origin of a head-enabled chordates to coordinate more complex
movement and feeding behaviors
-two or more sets of hox genes
-Neural crest-disperse throughout the body and give rise to teeth, bones
and cartilage of the skull, inner layer of skin of facial region, several types
of neurons, and the sensory capsules in which eyes and other sense
organs develop.
presence of a cartilaginous (and often bony) head skeleton; relatively
large brain plus a unique set of sensory and motor cranial nerves;
nephrons as the functional excretory unit; neural crest embryonic tissue.
Study the phylogeny of the Craniata and learn the synapomorphies of all
the major craniate clades as presented in class!
Understand the adaptive significance and functions of these characters
✔✔...
What is the significance of amniotic egg? How does it differ from
amphibian eggs?
✔✔-Adaptation allowing development on land and diversification of
terrestrial vertebrates
Shell- prevents dessication, allows gas exchange
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
RATED A.
Subphylum Hexapod
✔✔Class Insecta = Largest class
3 body regions, wings, 3 prs. legs, compound eye
Can you name two insect adaptations to the terrestrial environment?
A rigid exoskeleton is often accompanied by a body surface that is
resistant to water loss. The evolution of wings and the elaborate
development of legs has afforded numerous options for locomotion on
land.. Waxy layer of cuticle, Malpighian tubules, Tracheae
Feeding types
carnivores and herbivores
Complete metamorphosis
Larval stages that are each different
incomplete metamorphosis
molting with each molt looking just like a smaller version
Subphylum Crustacea
✔✔Crabs, shrimps, lobsters
Name distinguishing characters
two pairs of antennae
,walking legs present on thorax and appendages on abdomen
Review the summary phylogeny of the Bilateria!
✔✔Lophotrochozoa
Ecdysozoa
Deuterostomia
Phylum Echinodermata
✔✔Distinguishing characters?
water vascular system- a network of nydraulic canals branching into
extensions called tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding
Blood vascular system- transports nutrients
Are they coelomate? Yes
Tube feet (podia) functions? locomotion and feeding
Describe the symmetry of the larvae and adults.
radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry in larvae
Phylum Chordata
✔✔Know the chordate hallmarks & their functions:
Notochord-(synapomorphy) provides skeletal support throughout most of
the length of a chordate and in larvae or adults that retain it, it also
provides a firm but flexible structure against which muscles can work
during swimming
,dorsal hollow nerve cord- unique to chordates, develops into the central
nervous system: the brain and spinal cord
pharyngeal gill slits-allow water entering mouth to exit the body without
passing through the entire digestive tract. Function as suspension-feeding
devaices in invertebrate chordates. In vertebrates, these slits are used for
gas exchange
postanal tail- locomotion
Subphylum Tunicata (=Urochordata)
✔✔Describe the basic features of the taxon.
Filter feeders
Tadpole larva
Subphylum Cephalochordata
✔✔List the basic features of the taxon.
Blade-like shape
Filter feeders
segmentation
What are somites or myomeres?
somites are blocks of mesoderm that develop muscle segments help
segmentation
myomeres are blocks of skeletal muscle tissue found commonly in
chordates
same thing
, Review the deuterostome phylogeny
✔✔...
What are the synapomorphies of the Craniata?
What are the functions of these characters?
✔✔-origin of a head-enabled chordates to coordinate more complex
movement and feeding behaviors
-two or more sets of hox genes
-Neural crest-disperse throughout the body and give rise to teeth, bones
and cartilage of the skull, inner layer of skin of facial region, several types
of neurons, and the sensory capsules in which eyes and other sense
organs develop.
presence of a cartilaginous (and often bony) head skeleton; relatively
large brain plus a unique set of sensory and motor cranial nerves;
nephrons as the functional excretory unit; neural crest embryonic tissue.
Study the phylogeny of the Craniata and learn the synapomorphies of all
the major craniate clades as presented in class!
Understand the adaptive significance and functions of these characters
✔✔...
What is the significance of amniotic egg? How does it differ from
amphibian eggs?
✔✔-Adaptation allowing development on land and diversification of
terrestrial vertebrates
Shell- prevents dessication, allows gas exchange
