MN 551 Patho unit 1,Unit 2, Unit 3,Unit
4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,UNIT 8,Unit 9 all
124 complete solutions for midterm and
final exams covered!
MN 551 Patho unit 1,Unit 2, Unit 3,Unit
4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,UNIT 8,Unit 9 all
124 complete solutions for midterm and
final exams covered!
As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a
physical examination. Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in
excluding from an intake interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician
for the treatment of anorexia nervosa? - ANSWER- "Have you had any episodes of
shortness of breath in the recent past?"
A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting
that he claims is of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often
contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential
contributing factors would the care team first suspect? - ANSWER- Alcohol
consumption
Cheryl has celiac disease. Which diet should you place her on? - ANSWER- Gluten free
diet
The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby to a nurse practitioner for
assessment because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal
biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to
know what caused the disease. Which of the following aspects of the etiology of celiac
disease would underlie the explanation that the nurse practitioner provides? -
ANSWER- An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of
antibodies and an inflammatory response.
For several years, a 39-year-old female has been averaging two to three bottles of wine
each night after her children go to sleep, and has included several ounces of brandy in
recent years as well. Despite negative consequences to her career and the dissolution
of her marriage, her drinking continued and now has culminated in a diagnosis of
cirrhosis. Which of the following physical manifestations of the health problem would her
care team anticipate? - ANSWER- Ascites
,MN 551 Patho unit 1,Unit 2, Unit 3,Unit
4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,UNIT 8,Unit 9 all
124 complete solutions for midterm and
final exams covered!
A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a
suicide attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and
diagnostic results would the care team most likely anticipate? - ANSWER- Centrilobular
necrosis evidenced by increased ALT and AST levels
Which of the following patients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of
IBD? - ANSWER- A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower
abdomen, "comes and goes," and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache."
A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium
difficile and is experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen
indicates hyperactive bowel sounds. What processes in the man's small intestine are
most likely accompanying his current status? - ANSWER- Inflammation is accompanied
by an increase in peristaltic movements of his small intestine.
David has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following lab tests
would you expect to be decreased? - ANSWER- Vitamins A, B complex and C levels
A male patient complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been
determined to have a deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine.
Which of the following meals or snacks is most likely to exacerbate the patient's signs
and symptoms? - ANSWER- Roast beef and a baked potato
A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to
the hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of
inadequate food intake. Which of the following treatment plans would the care team
most likely favor? - ANSWER- Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral
supplementation
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a
thorough history, ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most
likely caused her to seek medical treatment, and what consequences of her health
problem would the medical team anticipate? - ANSWER- Pruritus with consequences of
deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated
levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver
biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is
most likely to be effective for her? - ANSWER- Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant
drugs
,MN 551 Patho unit 1,Unit 2, Unit 3,Unit
4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,UNIT 8,Unit 9 all
124 complete solutions for midterm and
final exams covered!
A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal
cancer and is attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the
following statements about colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of
the disease? - ANSWER- "While diet is thought to play a role in the development of
colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes are largely unknown."
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to
oxygen therapy. Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and
tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Which of the following explanations should the
care team provide to the infant's parents? - ANSWER- "We will have to perform surgery
to correct the hole in her throat to make sure that she is able to swallow and breathe
normally."
As a result of oral ingestion of the microorganisms, an individual has contracted H.
pylori. Which of the following health problems is the individual now at increased risk for?
- ANSWER- Gastric adenocarcinoma
A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which
of the following health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for
compared with individuals with a BMI below 25? - ANSWER- Osteoarthritis
A gastroenterologist is teaching a group of nurse practitioner students about the enteric
nervous system in preparation for a consultation on a patient who has suffered a spinal
cord injury. Which of the physician's teaching points is most accurate? - ANSWER- "The
enteric nervous system is made up of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses; these
are located in the wall of the GI tract."
A 43-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 216 pounds has been
informed by his nurse practitioner that his body mass index (BMI) is 31. Which of the
following clinical conclusions based on these data would his nurse be most justified in
rejecting? - ANSWER- The patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of
significantly increased risks to health.
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male patient with a long-standing hiatal
hernia. Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the
pathophysiology of hiatal hernias? - ANSWER- If esophageal acid clearance is
impaired, esophagitis can result.
, MN 551 Patho unit 1,Unit 2, Unit 3,Unit
4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,UNIT 8,Unit 9 all
124 complete solutions for midterm and
final exams covered!
Which of the following patients on a hospital medical unit is most clearly demonstrating
the signs and symptoms of liver failure? - ANSWER- A 44-year-old man with low
hemoglobin levels, low platelet levels, and spider angiomas
A 42-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of chronic nausea and
vomiting but a near-insatiable appetite has had her symptoms attributed to an enzyme
deficiency. Further diagnostic testing indicates that she has inadequate pancreatic
enzyme levels and that her large appetite is due to a lack of enzyme control of food
intake inhibition. In which of the following enzymes is the woman most likely deficient? -
ANSWER- Cholecystokinin
Which of the following measures would likely be rejected as part of a first-line weight
loss plan for a patient with a BMI of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension? -
ANSWER- Gastric bypass
While on tour, a 32-year-old male musician has presented to the emergency department
of a hospital after a concert complaining of severe and sudden abdominal pain. He
admits to a history of copious alcohol use in recent years, and his vital signs include a
temperature of 38.8°C (101.8°F), blood pressure of 89/48 mm Hg, and heart rate of 116
beats per minute. Blood work indicates that his serum levels of C-reactive protein,
amylase, and lipase are all elevated. Which of the following diagnoses would the care
team first suspect? - ANSWER- Acute pancreatitis
A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of the
lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of
this condition is most likely? - ANSWER- Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of
stomach contents into the esophagus
A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and cokes
each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his
regular physical exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative
implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's
statement? - ANSWER- "When your body has to regularly break down that much
alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially
damaging toxic byproducts."
A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of
heroic proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following
phenomena would most likely have produced his sensation of satiety? - ANSWER-
Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse.
