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Exam (elaborations)

NUR 250 Patho Exam 1 Concepts Test Questions and Correct Answers

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  • Course
  • NUR 250
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  • NUR 250

What is the primary line of defense of the immune response? Innate immunity Skin boundary- including mucous membranes, enzymes, natural microbial flora and complement system What is the second line of defense of the immune response? Inflammatory response accomplished by the activities of the phago...

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  • October 2, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 250
  • NUR 250
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NUR 250 Patho Exam 1 Concepts Test
Questions and Correct Answers
What is the primary line of defense of the immune response? ✅Innate immunity
Skin boundary- including mucous membranes, enzymes, natural microbial flora and
complement system

What is the second line of defense of the immune response? ✅Inflammatory response
accomplished by the activities of the phagocytes, natural killer T lymphocytes,
granulocytes, and macrophages

What is the third line of defense of the immune response? ✅adaptive (acquired)
immunity
-antibodies derived from B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes resulting from learned or
acquired specific immunity

What are characteristics of innate immunity? ✅-Nonspecific immunity present at birth
-1st line of defense in the immune response
-causes redness, swelling, heat, and pain

What are components of innate immunity? ✅-Physical barries: skin, mucous,
membranes, mucus
-Enzymes in epithelial and phagocytic cells
-Inflammation-related proteins like C-reactive protein (CRP)
-Toll-like receptors that help send pathogens and signal response
-Cells that release inflammatory mediators, like cytokins
-antimicrobial peptides
-phagocytes

What are characteristics of adaptive/ acquired immunity? ✅-continually refined
throughout the life of the individual
-highly specific to pathogen (once exposed, individual has long-lasting protection
against that particular pathogen)
-Basis of vaccination
-protection that is gained after birth either actively or passively

What cells are important to adaptive/ acquired immunity? ✅-lymphocytes (B and T
cells)

What is the main difference between B cells and T cells? ✅-B cells produce antibodies
that attach to a specific antigen, allowing immune cells to destroy the antigen
-T cells directly attack the antigen and help control the immune response

, What is the definition of inflammation? ✅-An immunologic defense against tissue
injury, infection, or allergy
-protective process initiated to minimize or remove the pathologic agent or stimuli
triggering the inflammation and to promote healing

What are characteristics of the inflammatory response?
-Where does it occur?
-is it a slow/quick response?
-dependent on?
-specific or nonspecific?
-vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
-inc or dec vascular permeability?
-where do white blood cells adhere to? ✅-Occurs in tissues with a blood supply
(vascular)
-Activated rapidly (within seconds) of damage
-Dependent upon the activity of both cellular and chemical components
-Nonspecific - takes place in the same way regardless of the stimulus
-vasodilation- flows blood velocity but inc blood flow
-inc vascular permeability and leakage of fluid outside of vessel
-white blood cell adhere to inner walls of vessels

What kind of onset is created with an acute inflammation? What are systemic
symptoms? ✅-rapid onset with prominent systemic symptoms
-fever, chills, malaise, plasma protein synthesis
-leukocytosis with shift to the left (>11,000/microL WBC's with immature neutrophils?

What are local responses of an acute infection? ✅-swelling, redness, heat, pain

What are common acute inflammatory responses? ✅-infection, tissue injury, response
to foreign bodies, immune reactions

What are benefits of inflammation? ✅-prevents infection and further damage
-limits and controls the inflammatory process through the influx of plasma protein
systems, plasma enzymes, and cells that prevent the inflammatory response from
spreading to areas of healthy tissue
- interacts with components of the adaptive immunity system
-prepares the area of injury for healing through removal of the bacterial products, dead
cells, and other products of inflammation

Name the Plasma Protein Systems involved in the inflammation process. ✅-
complement system
-clotting system
-tissue factor (extrinsic) pathway
-contact activation (intrinsic) pathway
-Kinin system

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