NUR 250 Patho Exam 1 Concepts Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 250
Institution
NUR 250
What is the primary line of defense of the immune response? Innate immunity Skin boundary- including mucous membranes, enzymes, natural microbial flora and complement system
What is the second line of defense of the immune response? Inflammatory response accomplished by the activities of the phago...
NUR 250 Patho Exam 1 Concepts Test
Questions and Correct Answers
What is the primary line of defense of the immune response? ✅Innate immunity
Skin boundary- including mucous membranes, enzymes, natural microbial flora and
complement system
What is the second line of defense of the immune response? ✅Inflammatory response
accomplished by the activities of the phagocytes, natural killer T lymphocytes,
granulocytes, and macrophages
What is the third line of defense of the immune response? ✅adaptive (acquired)
immunity
-antibodies derived from B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes resulting from learned or
acquired specific immunity
What are characteristics of innate immunity? ✅-Nonspecific immunity present at birth
-1st line of defense in the immune response
-causes redness, swelling, heat, and pain
What are components of innate immunity? ✅-Physical barries: skin, mucous,
membranes, mucus
-Enzymes in epithelial and phagocytic cells
-Inflammation-related proteins like C-reactive protein (CRP)
-Toll-like receptors that help send pathogens and signal response
-Cells that release inflammatory mediators, like cytokins
-antimicrobial peptides
-phagocytes
What are characteristics of adaptive/ acquired immunity? ✅-continually refined
throughout the life of the individual
-highly specific to pathogen (once exposed, individual has long-lasting protection
against that particular pathogen)
-Basis of vaccination
-protection that is gained after birth either actively or passively
What cells are important to adaptive/ acquired immunity? ✅-lymphocytes (B and T
cells)
What is the main difference between B cells and T cells? ✅-B cells produce antibodies
that attach to a specific antigen, allowing immune cells to destroy the antigen
-T cells directly attack the antigen and help control the immune response
, What is the definition of inflammation? ✅-An immunologic defense against tissue
injury, infection, or allergy
-protective process initiated to minimize or remove the pathologic agent or stimuli
triggering the inflammation and to promote healing
What are characteristics of the inflammatory response?
-Where does it occur?
-is it a slow/quick response?
-dependent on?
-specific or nonspecific?
-vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
-inc or dec vascular permeability?
-where do white blood cells adhere to? ✅-Occurs in tissues with a blood supply
(vascular)
-Activated rapidly (within seconds) of damage
-Dependent upon the activity of both cellular and chemical components
-Nonspecific - takes place in the same way regardless of the stimulus
-vasodilation- flows blood velocity but inc blood flow
-inc vascular permeability and leakage of fluid outside of vessel
-white blood cell adhere to inner walls of vessels
What kind of onset is created with an acute inflammation? What are systemic
symptoms? ✅-rapid onset with prominent systemic symptoms
-fever, chills, malaise, plasma protein synthesis
-leukocytosis with shift to the left (>11,000/microL WBC's with immature neutrophils?
What are local responses of an acute infection? ✅-swelling, redness, heat, pain
What are common acute inflammatory responses? ✅-infection, tissue injury, response
to foreign bodies, immune reactions
What are benefits of inflammation? ✅-prevents infection and further damage
-limits and controls the inflammatory process through the influx of plasma protein
systems, plasma enzymes, and cells that prevent the inflammatory response from
spreading to areas of healthy tissue
- interacts with components of the adaptive immunity system
-prepares the area of injury for healing through removal of the bacterial products, dead
cells, and other products of inflammation
Name the Plasma Protein Systems involved in the inflammation process. ✅-
complement system
-clotting system
-tissue factor (extrinsic) pathway
-contact activation (intrinsic) pathway
-Kinin system
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