UH-60M APART STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
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UH-60M APART
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UH-60M APART
UH-60M APART STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the four types of monocular cues? - Answer-Geometric Perspective, Retinal Image Size, Aerial Perspective, and Motion Parallax
What is Geometric Perspective? - Answer-An object appears to have a dif...
UH-60M APART STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
What are the four types of monocular cues? - Answer-Geometric Perspective, Retinal
Image Size, Aerial Perspective, and Motion Parallax
What is Geometric Perspective? - Answer-An object appears to have a different shape
when viewed at varying distances and angles.
(a)Linear Perspective:Parallel lines tend to converge in the distance.
(b)Apparent Foreshortening:The true shape of an object or terrain feature appears
elliptical when viewed from a distance. As the distance decreases, the apparent
perspective changes to its true shape.
(c)Vertical Position in the Field:Objects that are farther away appear higher on the
horizon than those that are closer to the observer.
What is Retinal Image Size? - Answer-An image focused on the retina is perceived by
the brain to be of a given size.
(a)Known Size:The nearer an object is the observer, the larger its retinal
image.(b)Increasing/Decreasing in Size: If the retinal image of an object increases in
size, the object is moving toward the observer (vice versa).(c)Terrestrial Associations:
Comparison of one object, such as an airfield, with another object of known size, such
as a helicopter, will help determine the relative size and apparent distance for the
observer. Objects ordinarily associated together are judged to be approximately the
same distance.
(d)Overlapping Contours:When objects overlap, the overlapped object is farther away
What is Aerial Perspective? - Answer-The clarity of an object and the shadow cast by it
are perceive by the brain and are cues for estimating distance.
(a)Fading of Colors or Shades: As altitude increases, you lose clarity of colors and
shades.(b)Loss of Detail or Texture:As altitude increases, you lose detail and texture.
(c)Position of Light Source & Direction of Shadow
What is Motion Parallax? - Answer-Considered the most important cue to depth
perception. Objects near the aircraft appear to move past rapidly, while distant objects
appear almost stationary.
What is spatial disorientation? - Answer-Is an individual's inability to determine his
position, attitude, and motion relative to the earths surface
, What are the three types of spatial disorientation? - Answer-Type I - Unrecognized
(most dangerous)
Type II- Recognized
Type III- Incapacitating
What three systems maintain equilibrium, orientation, and balance? - Answer-visual,
vestibular, and proprioceptive systems
The vestibular system contains what two structures? - Answer-The ogolith organs
;which sense changes in gravity or movement, and the semicircular canals that react to
changes in pitch, roll, and yaw.
What are the visual illusions? - Answer-False Horizons- cloud formation confused for
horizon
Flicker Vertigo- light flashing 4-20 cycles per second causing dizziness and sickness
Fascination Fixation- ignoring orientation cues and staring at one objective
Crater illusion- under nvg searchlight too far under nose
Relative motion- grass waving causes feeling of movement
Altered planes of reference- when approaching a MTN pilot feels need to climb
Size/distance- an unusually long runway
Hieght/Depth- with no contrast feeling of being higher
Confusion with ground lights- see stars in water
Stuctural illusions- heat waves passing through visual obstruction
Autokinisis- staring at light at night and it appears to move
Reversible perspective- something appears to be flying toward but away from you
What are the vestibular illusions? - Answer-Somatogyral illusions- caused by angular
accelerations
Somatogravic illusions- caused by linear accelerations in gravity
Proprioceptive- Seat of the pants
What are the three somatogyral illusions? - Answer-Leans- most common
Graveyard spins- usually in fixed wings after prolonged spin
Coriolis effect- most dangerous overload of pitch, roll, yaw sensation
What are the somatogravic illusions? - Answer-Oculogravic Illusion-forward acceleration
causing a sensation of a nose-high attitude.
Oculoagravic Illusion- auto-rotate eyes track up feel nose down attitude
Elevator Illusion- usually caused by updraft sense of nose is rising
What are the 12 hour flight restrictions due to exogenous factors? - Answer-Alcohol,
Simulator sickness, Immunizations, Anethesia (Local, Regional, Dental)
What are the 24 hour flight restrictions due to exogenous factors? - Answer-Plasma,
Hypobaric, Hyperbaric, Decompression, Scuba
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