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Biology Entrance Exam Questions and Answers
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Biology Entrance Exam Questions and Answers
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Biology Entrance Exam__________ are multicellular in comparison to archaea, bacteria and other protist. - Answer -Algae
protists and fungi
Atom - Answer -The smallest whole unit of matter composed of subatomic particles. Protons and
neutrons located in the nucleus, electrons located in energy shells surrounding the nucleus.
Element - Answer -A pure substance made of only one kind of atom, eg. O2.
Compound - Answer -A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements bonded
together in fixed ratio, pure substances because they have the same type of particles, eg. H2O form
when atoms transfer electrons or share electron pairs.
Molecule - Answer -Formed when atoms join together, could be either an element or compound.
Symbiosis - Answer -A situation in which two organisms live in close contact and at least one benefits.
Mutualism - Answer -A situation in which two organisms live in close contact and both benefit.
,Parasitism - Answer -A situation in which one organism lives in or on another organism and feeds on that
organism, eg. lice.
Commensalism - Answer -A situation in which two organisms live in close contact; one benefits and the
other is not affected, eg. ivy growing on tree trunk.
Invasive Species - Answer -A species introduced by humans into new environments with unforeseen
consequences, e.g. lion fish.
Monoculture - Answer -Farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop.
Climate Change - Answer -Large quantities of greenhouse gases produced and emitted that trap thermal
energy in the atmosphere.
Extirpation - Answer -Habitat loss and pollution which can lead to the loss of a species from a particular
region (not globally) - isolated habitat loss.
Sustainability - Answer -How ecosystem support organisms, remain diverse and meeting the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This helps
the ecosystem to be more resistant to change, have more feeding relationships, more niches filled, and
more nutrient cycling.
Cytoplasm - Answer -A jellylike fluid inside the cell, surrounds organelles and contains a "soup" of
important chemicals needed for cell processes.
Vacuole - Answer -A membrane sac (organelle) inside a cell that stores food and water (and in plants,
maintain cell shape).
Lysosome - Answer -A vacuole (organelle) with digestive enzymes - breaks down food and involved in
apoptosis (controlled cell death).
Cell Membrane - Answer -A membrane filled with proteins and enzymes - control what goes in and what
comes out of cells, separates cell from external environment.
,Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer -Network of membrane that helps synthesize (make) proteins and
lipids.
Ribosome - Answer -Very small structures made of DNA and protein usually found on ER (endoplasmic
reticulum). This makes proteins by "reading" genetic code.
Golgi Apparatus - Answer -A membrane tubes in a bundle with buds of membrane coming off. This sorts,
modifies, packages, and transports proteins.
Mitochondria - Answer -An oval-shaped organelle with a double membrane. This is the powerhouse of
the cell and it produces energy from food (sugars) and performs cellular respiration.
Nuclear Membrane - Answer -A membrane around the nucleus that is very porous, and it allows the
genetic code to be communicated with the ribosomes and allows other materials in and out of the
nucleus.
Nucleus - Answer -A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction. It holds and protects chromatin and is the control centre of the cell.
Nucleolus - Answer -A circular structure inside nucleus which makes ribosomes.
Chromatin - Answer -A substance within a chromosome consisting of DNA and protein. The DNA carries
the cell's genetic instructions. The major proteins in chromatin are histones, which help package the
DNA in a compact form that fits in the cell nucleus.
Centriole (animal cells only) - Answer -A cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called
tubulin. It consists of two perpendicular bundles of tubes and is involved in cell division.
Chloroplasts (plants cells only) - Answer -Oval-shaped organelle filled with stacks of protein. The main
site of photosynthesis (makes sugar to fuel mitochondrion), chlorophyll in chloroplast.
, Cell wall (plants cells only) - Answer -Thick, geometric, tough/hard outer layer that surrounds the cell
membrane, maintains the structure of the plant cell, separates cell from external environment.
Flagellum/Cilia - Answer -Whip-like tail used for locomotion.
Cell Cycle - Answer -A series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends
most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes,
and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its
division.
Unicellular - Answer -Organism with one cell
Multicellular - Answer -Organisms with more than one cell.
Micro-organism - Answer -Any organism of microscopic/small size (10^-6), can be seen using a
microscope, including bacteria (eg. E coli), fungi (eg. yeasts), etc. The viewing of organisms in magnified
form allows us to see the structure, and then understand functions.
Hypothesis - Answer -A predicted, educated answer with a theoretical explanation to a testable question
which the experiment attempts to answer. It states the relationship between the dependent and
independent variable(s).
Independent Variable - Answer -The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect
is being studied - should be the only one.
Dependent Variable - Answer -The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable, measured variable.
Controlled Experiment - Answer -An experiment that involves only one independent variable and
multiple controlled variables, and also involves a control to serve as a basis for comparison.
Biological Diversity - Answer -The presence of many different types of organisms in an ecosystem on
earth.
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