Summary
Samenvatting Mediapsychologie
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Dit document is een samenvatting van de lessen en eigen notities van het vak Mediapsychologie van het jaar .
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MediapsychologieInhoudsopgave
1 Geschiedenis van mediapsychologie ...................................................................................................... 5
1.1 De beginjaren ....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Vroege invloeden ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1.2 Structuralisme ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.3 Func:onalisme ................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.4 Gestaltpsychologie .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.5 Psychoanalyse.................................................................................................................................. 9
1.1.6 Behaviorisme ................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.7 Filosofie ......................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.8 Massamedia .................................................................................................................................. 11
1.1.9 Sociale psychologie ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.2 Pre-web era (PC)................................................................................................................................. 13
1.2.1 Persoonlijke computer................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.2 Mediapsychologie.......................................................................................................................... 13
1.3 Web 1.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 13
1.3.1 Mediapsychologie.......................................................................................................................... 13
1.4 Web 2.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 14
1.5 Web 3.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 14
1.6 Web 4.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 14
1.7 Onderzoeksmethoden ........................................................................................................................ 15
1.7.1 Beschrijvend onderzoek ................................................................................................................ 15
1.7.2 Correla:oneel onderzoek .............................................................................................................. 16
1.7.3 Experimenten ................................................................................................................................ 17
1.8 Voorbeeldexamenvraag ..................................................................................................................... 19
2 Voordelen en risico’s van het internet .................................................................................................. 21
2.1 Voordelen ........................................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.1 Communica:e ............................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.2 Onderwijs ...................................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.3 Burgerpar:cipa:e .......................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.4 Sociale steun.................................................................................................................................. 21
2.2 Risico ‘s ............................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.1 Agressief gedrag ............................................................................................................................ 22
2.2.2 Seksuele risico’s ............................................................................................................................. 25
2.2.3 Waardegerelateerde risico’s .......................................................................................................... 27
2.2.4 Commerciële risico’s ...................................................................................................................... 27
2.3 Prosociaal gedrag............................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.1 Mo:even ....................................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.2 Persoonlijke factoren ..................................................................................................................... 29
2.3.3 Situa:onele factoren ..................................................................................................................... 33
2.4 Voorbeeld examenvraag..................................................................................................................... 38
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,3 Kinderen, adolescenten en de media ................................................................................................... 39
3.1 Aantrekkelijkheid van SNS .................................................................................................................. 39
3.1.1 Asynchroniciteit ............................................................................................................................. 39
3.1.2 Toegankelijkheid ............................................................................................................................ 39
3.1.3 Anonimiteit .................................................................................................................................... 40
3.2 LeeQijd ................................................................................................................................................ 41
3.2.1 LeeWijdsbeperking sociale media .................................................................................................. 41
3.2.2 Ontwikkelingspsychologie ............................................................................................................. 41
3.3 Strategieën voor ouderlijke bemiddeling ............................................................................................ 43
4 Smartphone a@ankelijkheid ................................................................................................................ 45
4.1 Feiten en cijfers................................................................................................................................... 45
4.2 Mere exposure.................................................................................................................................... 46
4.3 Klassieke condiYonering ..................................................................................................................... 47
4.3.1 De inzichten van Pavlov ................................................................................................................. 47
4.3.2 Kenmerken .................................................................................................................................... 48
4.4 HabituaYe .......................................................................................................................................... 51
4.5 Operante condiYonering .................................................................................................................... 51
4.5.1 Thorndike en Skinner..................................................................................................................... 51
4.5.2 Bekrach:ging ................................................................................................................................. 52
4.5.3 Straf ............................................................................................................................................... 55
4.5.4 Overzicht bekrach:ging/straf ........................................................................................................ 55
4.5.5 Effec:viteit van straf ...................................................................................................................... 56
4.6 Sociaal leren ....................................................................................................................................... 57
4.7 Voorbeeldvraag .................................................................................................................................. 58
5 Hoe kijken we naar onszelf................................................................................................................... 59
5.1 Zelfconcept ......................................................................................................................................... 59
5.1.1 Introspec:e ................................................................................................................................... 61
5.1.2 Percep:e van eigen gedrag ........................................................................................................... 62
5.1.3 Percep:e van eigen emo:es ......................................................................................................... 62
5.1.4 Percep:e van eigen mo:va:es...................................................................................................... 63
5.1.5 Invloed van anderen ...................................................................................................................... 64
5.1.6 Gender en cultuur ......................................................................................................................... 66
5.2 Zelfwaardering ................................................................................................................................... 68
5.2.1 De behoeWe aan zelfwaardering ................................................................................................... 68
5.2.2 Zelfdiscrepan:es ............................................................................................................................ 69
5.2.3 Zel_ewustzijnstheorie (Wicklund, 1975) ...................................................................................... 70
5.2.4 Beperkingen van zelfregula:e ....................................................................................................... 71
5.2.5 Mechanismen van zelfverheerlijking ............................................................................................. 72
5.2.6 Zijn posi:eve illusies passend? ...................................................................................................... 75
5.3 ZelfpresentaYe ................................................................................................................................... 75
5.3.1 Spotlight effect .............................................................................................................................. 75
5.3.2 Strategische zelfpresenta:e .......................................................................................................... 76
5.3.3 Zelfverifica:e ................................................................................................................................. 76
5.3.4 Zelfsturing ...................................................................................................................................... 77
5.4 Voorbeeldvraag .................................................................................................................................. 77
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,6 hoe kijken we naar de ander ................................................................................................................ 79
6.1 ObservaYe (de elementen van sociale percepYe)............................................................................... 79
6.1.1 Uiterlijk .......................................................................................................................................... 79
6.1.2 Situa:es (scripts van het leven) ..................................................................................................... 80
6.1.3 Gedragingen .................................................................................................................................. 81
6.2 A\ribuYe ............................................................................................................................................ 83
6.2.1 Soorten aeribu:es......................................................................................................................... 83
6.2.2 Aeribu:etheorieën........................................................................................................................ 84
6.2.3 Aeribu:evertekeningen ................................................................................................................ 86
6.3 IntegraYe ............................................................................................................................................ 91
6.3.1 Informa:e-integra:e theorie......................................................................................................... 91
6.3.2 Basisbevindingen ........................................................................................................................... 92
6.3.3 Afwijkingen van rekenkunde ......................................................................................................... 93
6.4 ConfirmaYevertekeningen .................................................................................................................. 95
6.4.1 Persisten:e van opvagngen ......................................................................................................... 95
6.4.2 Confirmatorische hypothesetoetsing ............................................................................................ 96
6.4.3 Self-fulfilling prophecy ................................................................................................................... 96
6.5 Zijn we dan zo slecht in persoonspercepYes…? .................................................................................. 97
6.5.1 Rela:vering .................................................................................................................................... 97
6.5.2 De processen van sociale percep:e .............................................................................................. 97
6.6 Voorbeeldvraag .................................................................................................................................. 98
7 AJtude veranderingen ........................................................................................................................ 99
7.1 Aatudes ............................................................................................................................................. 99
7.1.1 Defini:e ......................................................................................................................................... 99
7.1.2 Ontwikkeling van agtudes .......................................................................................................... 100
7.1.3 Me:ng van agtudes ................................................................................................................... 101
7.1.4 Het verband tussen agtude en gedrag ....................................................................................... 102
7.2 Overreding door communicaYe ........................................................................................................ 105
7.2.1 Twee wegen van overreding ........................................................................................................ 105
7.2.2 Boodschap ................................................................................................................................... 107
7.2.3 Verwiggen en weerstand............................................................................................................ 110
7.3 Overreding door eigen acYes ........................................................................................................... 111
7.3.1 Rollenspel .................................................................................................................................... 111
7.3.2 Cogni:eve dissonan:etheorie (Fes:nger, 1953) ......................................................................... 111
7.3.3 Nieuwe inzichten ......................................................................................................................... 123
7.3.4 Een kri:sche blik: alterna:eve manieren naar zelfoverreding .................................................... 123
7.4 Voorbeeldvraag ................................................................................................................................ 124
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