Anuria correct answers No urine output
Kidney damage, decreased blood flow to kidneys
Aldosterone correct answers Made in adrenal cortex; increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney
tubules
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP)/Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) correct answers Made in posterior
pituitary; reabsorption of water from distal tubules
Deficiency = diabetes insipidus
Effects of urine sitting at RT for more than 1-2 hours correct answers INCREASE - Nitrite, pH,
turbidity (bacteria)
DECREASE - Glucose, ketones, bilirubin (exposed to light), urobilinogen, cells and casts (lysis)
Color change - due to oxidation/reduction of metabolites
Fruity odor correct answers Ketones, diabetes
Ammonia odor correct answers Old urine
Mousy odor correct answers Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Maple syrup odor correct answers Maple syrup urine disease (branched chain aminoaciduria)
Red color urine correct answers Hemoglobin, RBCs, myoglobin, porphyrins
Red-brown color urine correct answers Myoblogin
Amber/brown/orange urine correct answers Bilirubin, biliverdin, uroblilin, drug
Bright yellow color urine correct answers Vitamin C
Brown-black color urine correct answers Melanin, methemoglobin (oxidized RBCs)
Blue color urine correct answers Indican (Tryptophane Metabolic Disorder)
, Green color urine correct answers Pseudomonas, old urine
Port wine color urine correct answers Porphyrins
Urine pH correct answers 2 indicators provide color change
Alkaline may indicate old urine or after meal
Protein in urine correct answers Protein indicator of errors (albumin) pH = 3.0
Yellow to green
Confirm with 3% sulfosalicylic acid
False pos = alkaline urine
False neg = high salt
BEST single indicator of renal abnormality
Low-molecular-weight proteins = glomerular damage
Diabetes Mellitis - microalbuminemia
Glucose in urine correct answers Glucose oxidase (double sequential enzyme)
N = 160-180 mg/dL
Creatinine Clearance correct answers Efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the
blood
24-hour urine
N = 120 mL/min (adults)
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