UCI Bio 93 - Midterm 1 Questions And Answers.

UCI Bio 93 - Midterm 1 Questions And Answers. atoms - correct answer. smallest unit of chemical elements molecules - correct answer. two or more atoms combined compound - correct answer. two or more elements combined in a fixed ration C, O, H, N - correct answer. ... are 4 elements that make up 96% of all living matter covalent bond - correct answer. what is the strongest bond? covalent - correct answer. sharing of electrons by two atoms ionic - correct answer. transfer of electrons between two atoms hydrogen bond - correct answer. what is a weak bond? hydrogen bond - correct answer. the H atom forms one covalent bond and a second weaker bond with an atom in another molecules nonpolar - correct answer. equal sharing of electrons (two of the same element) polar - correct answer. unequal sharing of electrons has a charge (water) negative - correct answer. what is the charge of O in water? positive - correct answer. what is the charge of H in water? cohesion - correct answer. interactions between water molecules (H2O with H2O) solvent - correct answer. interactions between water and other molecules 4 bonds - correct answer. what is the maximum amount of bonds that hydrogen can form? 15% - correct answer. in room temperature of water what % is the maximum amount of bonds going to be made? more acidic - correct answer. when H+ concentration increases... more basic - correct answer. what H- concentration decreases... hydrophilic - correct answer. affinity for water (polar and ionic bonds) hydrophobic - correct answer. repel water (nonpolar covalent bonds) buffers - correct answer. chemical processes are sensitive to pH changes and resist change in the pH solution 7.4 - correct answer. the pH of human blood is... carbonic acid and bicarbonate - correct answer. what are the main buffers in blood? right - correct answer. response to a rise in pH in blood (becomes more basic) left - correct answer. response to a drop in pH in blood (becomes more acidic) carbon atoms - correct answer. building blocks for biological molecules 4 VE - correct answer. how many VE does carbon have? covalent bonds - correct answer. how do functional groups join to the carbon skeleton? hydroxyl - correct answer. -alcohols -polar -dissolves organic compounds (like sugars) carbonyl - correct answer. -ketones (within skeleton) -aldehydes (at the end of skeleton) carboxyl - correct answer. -is acidic -weak acid -hydroxyl+carbonyl amino - correct answer. -base -animes -can pick up H from surrounding solutions amino and carboxyl - correct answer. what functional groups make up an amino acid? sulfhydryl - correct answer. -thiols -cross-linking of cysteines -stabilizes protein structure phosphate - correct answer. -backbone for phospholipids -negative charge -hydrophilic methyl - correct answer. -expression of genes -sex hormones (shape and function) carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins - correct answer. what are the 4 types of macromolecules? carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids - correct answer. which macromolecules are made of polymers? lipids - correct answer. -diverse group of hydrophobic macromolecules -built from two or more DIFFERENT small subunits dehydration reaction - correct answer. removal of water molecules to form a polymer (makes a bond) hydrolysis - correct answer. addition of water to polymers to break bonds carbohydrates - correct answer. sugars and their polymers monosaccharide - correct answer. single monomer, form rings in aqueous solutions disaccharide - correct answer. 2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage (covalent bond) polysaccharides - correct answer. polymers of 100s and 1000s of monosaccharides