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PHAR 100- Module 4 with 100- correct answers
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PHAR 100- Module 4 with 100- correct answers
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PHAR 100- Module 4 with 100%correct answers
what method do drugs use to treat infections
- selective toxicity (drugs to harm the invading organism without
harming to host)
2 common Classes of antifungals
amphotericin B, imidozoles
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Amphotericin B
- drug of choice for severe fungal infections
- binds to a steroid on the outer membrane on the fungi (called
ergosterol), thats not present in mammalian cells
- this causes pores to form in the membrane of the fungi, and
causes leakage in the fungi so it will die
- amphtericin B is poorly absorbed by the GI tract, so it has to be
administered intravenously
- adverse effects: kidney damage is the major one
imidozoles
, - also known as azoles
- effect when taken orally
- they stop a fungal p450 enzyme, which stops the ergosterol
synthesis
- selective toxicity: the drug is more drawn to fungal p450 than
human p450s (that are involved in metabolism)
viruses
- a small, infectious agent that can only multiply within the living
cell of other organisms (like plants, animals, bacteria)
- viruses can be deadly and thats why more effective antiviral drugs
are needed
how do viruses work (gen concept) and what similarities do they
have with each other?
as infectious particles they take over the operation of a cell for the
sole purpose of making new viruses
specific to their cell type they infect which is dependent on the
receptors on the surface of the target cell
Virus Replication
using protein receptors they target specific cells for infection
if the genetic material of a virus infecting the cell is DNA, once
inside the instructions in the DNA are transcribed to RNA
the host cell then makes new components to be assembled into new
viruses
they then can emerge afterwords, usually killing the host cell
as they emerge, they usually take some of the og's membrane,
forming an envelope which gives protection from the immune
system
outcome: each new virus can repeat the process of virus replication
by infection another cell
types of antivirals
drugs for influenza
- olseltamivir (tamiflu)
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