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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Complete Questions And Answers | Verified
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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Complete Questions And Answers | Verified
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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 CompleteQuestions And Answers | Verified
Metabolism CORRECT ANSWERS the totality of an organism's chemical reactions
Metabolic pathway CORRECT ANSWERS Begins with a specific molecule, which is
then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
catabolic pathway CORRECT ANSWERS release energy by breaking down complex
molecules into simpler compounds
anabolic pathways CORRECT ANSWERS consume energy to build complex molecules
from simpler ones
- proteins are synthesized from simpler molecules called amino acids
Bioenergetics CORRECT ANSWERS the study of how energy flows through living
organisms
Energy CORRECT ANSWERS the capacity to cause change
kinetic energy CORRECT ANSWERS energy of motion
thermal energy CORRECT ANSWERS kinetic energy associated with the random
movement of atoms or molecules
heat CORRECT ANSWERS thermal energy in transfer from one object to another
potential energy CORRECT ANSWERS energy that matter possesses because of its
location or structure
chemical energy CORRECT ANSWERS potential energy available for release in a
chemical reaction
Thermodynamics CORRECT ANSWERS The study of energy transformations that
occur in a collection of matter.
first law of thermodynamics CORRECT ANSWERS Energy can be transferred and
transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
- also called the principle of conservation of energy
second law of thermodynamics CORRECT ANSWERS Every energy transfer or
transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
Entropy CORRECT ANSWERS - a measure of molecular disorder, or randomness
, - scientists use the term "disorder" to describe how dispersed energy is in a system and
how many energy levels are present
Chemical reactions CORRECT ANSWERS - Endergonic ("energy in")
- Exergonic ("energy out")
- Energy coupling
Endergonic CORRECT ANSWERS - A chemical reaction that requires the input of
energy in order to proceed
- yields product rich in potential energy
- start with reactabr molecules that contain relatively little potential energy but end with
products that contain more chemical energy
Exergonic CORRECT ANSWERS Chemical reactions that release energy
- these reactions release the energy in covalent bonds of the reactants
- burning wood releases the energy in glucose as heat and light
energy coupling CORRECT ANSWERS The use of an exergonic process to drive an
endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) CORRECT ANSWERS main energy source that cells
use for most of their work
- composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrous base), and a chain of three
phosphate groups
- ATP hydrolysis releases energy and produces ATP (adenosine diphosphate) and
inorganic phosphate
- the energy released comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy,
not from the phosphate bonds themselves
enzyme CORRECT ANSWERS A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical
agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
- most enzyme names end with -ase
catalyst CORRECT ANSWERS substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical
reaction
activation energy CORRECT ANSWERS Energy needed to get a reaction started by
breaking bonds in the reactant molecules
A cell does three main kinds of work CORRECT ANSWERS chemical, transport,
mechanical
Substrate CORRECT ANSWERS the reactant molecule on which an enzyme acts
- the enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex
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