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Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers Verified 100% | Latest Update
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Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers Verified 100% | Latest Update
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Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam | Questionsand Answers Verified 100% | Latest Update
Loading dose - ✔✔use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the
drug to reach the critical concentration (therapeutic level) sooner
•Blood thinner
•Antibiotic
Exceretion - ✔✔the removal of waste products from medications which is done mainly
through the kidneys
Other routes for include lungs, sweat, saliva, and bile
Factors effecting excretion - ✔✔Disorders in which the blood flow to the kidneys is reduced
will influence drug excretion.
Dehydration, CKD, and glomerulonephritis are examples.
Drug Elimination and Patients with Kidney Disease - ✔✔Lab tests to determine kidney and
renal function include: Creatinine (0.5-1.1 female, 0.6-1.2 male) BUN (10-20) eGFR (60-90+)
You should be aware of patients kidney function status as this will determine drug dosage.)
Drug Elimination and patients with liver disease - ✔✔Lab tests to determine liver function
include: ALT (4-36) and AST (0-35)
Onset - ✔✔time it takes for drug to start working
Peak - ✔✔highest concentration in blood
,duration - ✔✔length of therapeutic effect
Peak and Trough - ✔✔•highest (30 minutes after giving) and lowest (right before giving
second dose) amount of drug in blood
Agonist - ✔✔desired response
Antagonist - ✔✔undesired response
side effects - ✔✔Expected
Secondary effects
Can be desirable or undesirable
Report if effects are desirable or not
Adverse Reactions - ✔✔•Unexpected
•Mild to severe
Drug toxicity - ✔✔•Overdose
•Drug level exceeds therapeutic range
additive effect - ✔✔Sum effect of 2 drugs
synergistic effect - ✔✔•On purpose
•2 drugs given together is greater than either drug by itself
Food-drug interactions - ✔✔•Grapefruit juice (increases drug potency), Warfarin (leafy
vegetables)
,Changes that take place with aging - ✔✔•decreased kidney, liver function, GI changes, body
composition, malnourished
Polypharmacy - ✔✔•5 more more medication/pharmacies
adherence - ✔✔•Cost, hearing, sight, organization, timing, side effects, knowledge
rights of med administration - ✔✔Right drug
Right dose
Right client
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
3 checks of drug administration - ✔✔Pulling medication, MAR, bedside
Non-pharmacological methods for sleep - ✔✔No:
daytime naps
Caffeine
Alcohol
Nicotine
Heavy meals
Yes:
Warm bath
Warm milk
Relaxing music
, Sedatives / Hypnotics - ✔✔Sedatives
mildest form of CNS depressant
daytime to produce anxiety relieve
avoid if severe respiratory disorder
barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepines
Hypnotics
Nighttime
Can become dependent
Anesthetics - ✔✔Work to promote CNS depression
Barbiturates - ✔✔•Many side effects
•Not first choice
•Highly sedating
•Used for seizures
•Maintaining sleep
•Procedural sedation
Benzodiazepines - ✔✔•Midazolam, Alprazolam
•Antianxiety, sleep
Nonbenzodiazepines - ✔✔Zolpidem
Short term treatment of insomnia
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