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HUBS1406 exam Prep Test | Questions and Answers Verified 100%
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HUBS1406 exam Prep Test | Questions and Answers Verified 100%
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HUBS1406 exam Prep Test | Questions andAnswers Verified 100%
active transport - ✔✔- requires energy
- moves up the concentration gradient
passive transport - ✔✔- does not require energy
- move down the concentration gradient
Diffusion - ✔✔Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
bulk transport - ✔✔transports large molecules and solid clumps of materials by movements
of the cell membrane
endocytosis and exocytosis
endocytosis - ✔✔moving material into cells through vacuole
- phagocytosis - bring small particles or liquid into the cell
- pinocytosis - bring large molecules into the cell
exocytosis - ✔✔Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material out of the cell
Differentiation - ✔✔process by which some genes become more specialised cells with their
own functioning abilities
,stem cell - ✔✔an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving
rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise
by differentiation.
adult stem cell - ✔✔partially differentiated cell, has limited pathways
embryonic stem cell - ✔✔can develop into any cell type
totipotent - ✔✔stem cells that can develop into any cell in the organism
pluripotent - ✔✔stem cells that can develop into any tissue type in they particular germ
layer (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)
multipotent - ✔✔can differentiate into limited range of cells within a particular tissue type
omnipotent - ✔✔ability of progenitor cells (more specific and limited stem cells) to
differentiate into a few cells
unipotent - ✔✔a stem cell that can only develop into one cell type
cell devision - ✔✔multiplication of cells
2 phases, - interphase and mitosis
interphase - ✔✔- preparation of cell devision by copying dna strand creating 2 identical DNA
strands
mitosis - ✔✔cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same
number of chromosomes
,tissue types - ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
epithelial tissue - ✔✔A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out
function of epithelial tissue - ✔✔- protect the underlying structures from dehydration,
abrasion and deconstruction
- selective absorption through controlling permeability
- provide sensation through receptors
- provide specialised secretions in glandular epithelium
simple epithelium - ✔✔single layer of cells
squamous epithelium - ✔✔Cells that are like floor tiles.
structure: very thin and smooth for increased diffusion rate
function: reduces friction, control vessel permeability and preforms absorption and secretion
location: lining of heart, blood vessel, lymph vessel etc
cuboidal epithelium - ✔✔structure: singe layer of cube shaped cells
location: gland, ducts, portion of kidney tubules, thyroid gland
columnar epithelium - ✔✔Cells shaped like bricks standing on end.
location: lining of small intestine, stomach, gallbladder and uterine tubule
stratified epithelium - ✔✔structure: several layer of cell of different shapes, can be
keratinised or non-keratinised (lining of vagina)
function: provides physical protection against absorption, pathogen and chemical attack
, location: skin, hair, nails
connective tissue - ✔✔- support, surround and interconnect other tissue types
- structural framework
- transports fluid and dissolved materials
- protect delicate organs
- stare energy reserves
- defend the body from invading microorganism
connective tissue proper - ✔✔loose or dense
fluid connective tissue - ✔✔blood or lymph
ion - ✔✔a charged atom or molecule that has different number of protons and electrons
cations - ✔✔positively charged ions (when they lose an electron)
anions - ✔✔negatively charged ions (when they gain an electron)
importance of ions - ✔✔- they conduct electricity
- can act as solute which are used in muscle contraction (when neutron fires, it sets up
concentration gradient helping/directing electric impulses
electrolyte - ✔✔soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current
solution
found in blood, urine and body fluids
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