NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 100+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MODULE4 ||ALREADY GRADED A+
4 views 0 purchase
Course
Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Institution
Cardiovascular Ultrasound
NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW
100+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MODULE4 ||ALREADY GRADED A+
Cellular characteristics: increased macrophages, lymphocytes instead of
neutrophils, and fibroblasts
Cause of an allergic reaction - ANSWER immune response to exogenous and
endogen...
NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW
100+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MODULE4 ||ALREADY GRADED A+
Cellular characteristics: increased macrophages, lymphocytes instead of
neutrophils, and fibroblasts
Cause of an allergic reaction - ANSWER ✔ immune response to exogenous and
endogenous antigens that produce inflammation and cause tissue damage
Type I Immediate Hypersensitivity - ANSWER ✔ Reactions begin rapidly, often
within minutes after contact with the allergen; exposure by inhalation, ingestion,
injection, or skin contact. Reactions can range from atopic (local) to anaphylactic
(systemic) depending on portal of entry. IgE mediated response to mast cells
degranulate and release inflammatory mediators.
Type II Antibody Mediated Hypersensitivity - ANSWER ✔ Reaction mediated by
IgG and IgM antibodies binding to normal or altered antigens on cell surface and
connective tissue. Injury to self can result from destruction, inflammation, and cell
dysfunction
-ex: mismatched blood transfusion, hemolytic disease in newborn, and certain drug
reaction
Type III antibody Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity - ANSWER ✔
Antigen-antibody complexes are formed in the blood and get deposited in vessel
lining or tissues which attracts complements (IgG or IgM) and cause an
inflammatory response.
Ex: autoimmune disease, vasculitis, SLE, glomerulonephritis. Reactions range
from atopic to anaphylactic
Type IV T cell mediated Hypersensitivity - ANSWER ✔ Cytotoxic T cell kills
antigen presenting target cell. Helper T cells secrete cytokines who recruit tissue
damaging inflammatory cells
Ex: viral hepatitis TB test
, Opportunist infectious agents - ANSWER ✔ secondary invaders; an immune
deficiency provides the portal
ex. IV hyperailmentation, foley catheter (ecoli, UTI)
Virion - ANSWER ✔ the infectious particle; viruses are the most frequent cause
of human illness. Capsid-protein based coating
Bacteria - ANSWER ✔ spirochetes and mycoplasmas
Fungal/yeast - ANSWER ✔ live in soil, skin (ringworm), or GI tract
Rickettstiae - ANSWER ✔ transmitted to humans through the bite of the vector.
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Chlamydiae - ANSWER ✔ An elementary body attaches to and enters the host
cells and undergoes replication
Parasites - ANSWER ✔ burrow into skin or mucous membranes, produce an
allergic inflammatory response, release histamine and eosinophilia-kill parasites
Incubation period - ANSWER ✔ the phase during which the pathogen begins
active replication without producing recognizable symptoms in the host
Prodromal stage - ANSWER ✔ Most contagious stage. The initial appearance of
symptoms in the host although the clinical presentation during this time may only
be a vague sense of malaise. May experience mild fever, headache, and fatigue.
Acute stage - ANSWER ✔ Period during which the host experience the max
impact of the infectious process corresponding to rapid proliferation and
dissemination of the pathogen. During this phase, toxic byproducts of microbial
metabolism, cell lysis, and the immune response mounted by the host combines to
produce tissue damage and inflammation
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SmartscoreAaron. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
