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Samenvatting - Trade for SME
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Samenvatting Trade for SME Arteveldehogeschool - KMO management Nederlands!!! --> maar makkelijk te vertalen naar engels
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Trade for SME1. Waarom internationale handel?.........................................................................................................4
1.1 4 soorten protectionisme.............................................................................................................5
2. Wereldhandel.....................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Belangrijke conclusies...................................................................................................................5
3. Statuut van België...............................................................................................................................6
1. Wat is globalisering?...........................................................................................................................7
1.1 De globalisering van markten.......................................................................................................7
1.2 De globalisering van de productie................................................................................................7
2. Drijfveren van globalisering................................................................................................................8
2.1 Afnemende handels- en investeringsbarrières.............................................................................8
2.2 Ontwikkeling op het gebied van communicatie-, informatieverwerkings- en
transporttechnologieën......................................................................................................................8
3. Handelsbeleid en -overeenkomsten...................................................................................................9
3.1 7 belangrijkste instrumenten van het handelsbeleid....................................................................9
3.1.1 Invoertarieven.......................................................................................................................9
3.1.2 Exporttarieven en -verboden................................................................................................9
3.1.3 Subsidies...............................................................................................................................9
3.1.4 Invoercontingenten en vrijwillige uitvoerbeperkingen..........................................................9
3.1.5 Vereisten voor lokale inhoud..............................................................................................10
3.1.6 Administratieve taken.........................................................................................................10
3.1.7 Antidumpingbeleid.............................................................................................................10
3.1.8 Maatregelen ter bescherming van de volksgezondheid......................................................10
4. De opkomst van mondiale instellingen.............................................................................................11
4.1 Algemene Overeenkomst betreffende Tarieven en Handel (GATT).............................................11
4.2 De Wereldhandelsorganisatie.....................................................................................................11
4.3 Het Internationaal Monetair Fonds.............................................................................................11
4.4 De Wereldbank...........................................................................................................................11
4.5 De Verenigde Naties...................................................................................................................11
4.6 De Europese Unie.......................................................................................................................12
1. Vervoerswijzen..................................................................................................................................12
1.1 Vervoerswijzen............................................................................................................................13
1.1.1 Wegvervoer.........................................................................................................................13
1.1.2 Vervoer over de binnenwateren.........................................................................................13
1.1.3 Vervoer per spoor...............................................................................................................13
1
, 1.1.4 Pijpleidingen.......................................................................................................................14
1.1.5 Vervoer over zee.................................................................................................................14
1.1.6 Luchtvervoer.......................................................................................................................15
1.2 Multi-/intermodaal transport.....................................................................................................16
1.3 Containers (ISO)..........................................................................................................................16
1.4 Overige standaarden...................................................................................................................17
2. Tussenpersonen in de vervoerssector...............................................................................................18
2.1 Expediteur..................................................................................................................................18
2.2 Expediteur handelaar / stuwadoorsbedrijf.................................................................................18
2.3 Vervoerder..................................................................................................................................19
2.4 Douane vertegenwoordiger........................................................................................................19
2.5 Vervoer over zee.........................................................................................................................19
2.5.1 Natie....................................................................................................................................19
2.5.2 Expediteur............................................................................................................................20
2.5.3 Scheepsmakelaar.................................................................................................................20
2.6 Luchtvervoer...............................................................................................................................20
2.6.1 Agent van de luchtvaartmaatschappij of vertegenwoordiger van de luchtvaartmaatschappij
......................................................................................................................................................20
2.6.2 Luchtvracht agent................................................................................................................20
1. Risico op niet-betaling......................................................................................................................21
2. Politiek risico.....................................................................................................................................22
3. Wisselkoersrisico..............................................................................................................................23
4. Transport & logistiek risico................................................................................................................24
5. Administratieve risico's.....................................................................................................................24
6. Economisch risico.............................................................................................................................25
7. Juridisch risico...................................................................................................................................25
1. Introductie........................................................................................................................................27
2. Wat zijn incoterms............................................................................................................................28
2.1 Ze behandelen 3 aspecten van internationale handel:...............................................................28
2.1.1 Verdeling van de kosten......................................................................................................28
2.1.2 Verdeling van risico's...........................................................................................................28
2.1.3 Taakverdeling......................................................................................................................28
3. Incoterms – groep 1..........................................................................................................................29
3.1 EXW............................................................................................................................................29
3.2 FCA..............................................................................................................................................30
3.3 CPT..............................................................................................................................................30
2
, 3.4 CIP...............................................................................................................................................31
3.5 DAP.............................................................................................................................................31
3.6 DPU.............................................................................................................................................32
3.7 DDP.............................................................................................................................................32
4. Incoterms – groep 2..........................................................................................................................33
4.1 FAS..............................................................................................................................................33
4.2 FOB.............................................................................................................................................33
4.3 CFR..............................................................................................................................................34
4.4 CIF...............................................................................................................................................34
5. Oefeningen.......................................................................................................................................35
6. Onjuist gebruik van incoterms..........................................................................................................36
1. Beheer van inkoop............................................................................................................................37
1.1 Terminologie...............................................................................................................................37
1.2 3 niveaus van inkoop..................................................................................................................38
2. Zakelijke context...............................................................................................................................38
2.1 4 Economische sectoren.............................................................................................................39
3. Het belang van inkoop......................................................................................................................40
3.1 Porter waardeketen model.........................................................................................................40
4. Inkoopfuncties/rollen en interactie met andere afdelingen.............................................................41
1. 4 soorten goederen..........................................................................................................................45
2. Direct versus indirect........................................................................................................................46
3. Goederen versus dienst....................................................................................................................47
4. Investeringen....................................................................................................................................48
4.1 3 veelgebruikte methoden om een investering te evalueren......................................................48
5. CAPEX versus OPEX...........................................................................................................................49
5.1 CAPEX.........................................................................................................................................49
5.2 OPEX...........................................................................................................................................50
6. OEM versus IAM...............................................................................................................................50
6.1 OEM............................................................................................................................................50
6.2 IAM............................................................................................................................................50
7. Categorieën aanbestedingen............................................................................................................51
1. Het inkoopproces: 6 fases.................................................................................................................52
1.1 Specifying....................................................................................................................................52
1.2 Selecting.....................................................................................................................................54
1.2.1 Specifieke soorten overeenkomsten...................................................................................55
1.3 Bestellen.....................................................................................................................................57
3
, 1.4 Leveringen / opvolging................................................................................................................58
1.4.1 Leveringen..........................................................................................................................58
1.5 Opvolging van de prestaties........................................................................................................60
1. Strategische, tactische, operationele inkoop....................................................................................61
1.1 Operationele inkoop...................................................................................................................63
2. Oefening: Vacature inkoper/koper....................................................................................................64
1. Definitie............................................................................................................................................65
2. 3 Soorten GPO's................................................................................................................................66
2.1 Verticale markt...........................................................................................................................66
2.2 Horizontale markt.......................................................................................................................66
2.3 Meester inkoper.........................................................................................................................67
2.4 Voordelen van een GPO-model...................................................................................................67
2.5 Nadelen van een GPO-model......................................................................................................67
2.6 Contributie..................................................................................................................................67
3. Uitdagingen......................................................................................................................................68
1. Fase selecteren.................................................................................................................................69
2. EU-aanbestedingsprocedure.............................................................................................................69
1. Strategische sourcing: definitie.........................................................................................................71
2. Outsourcing versus offshoring..........................................................................................................71
2.1 Outsourcing................................................................................................................................71
2.2 Verplaatsingen............................................................................................................................72
2.3 Onshoring...................................................................................................................................72
2.4 Nearshoring................................................................................................................................73
Ch01 – Introductie
1. Waarom internationale handel?
Rijkdom van naties, Adam Smith
o Smith paste de doctrine van laissez-faire toe op de internationale handel. Alle
naties zouden profiteren van ongereguleerde, vrijhandel die individuele landen in
staat zou stellen zich te specialiseren in goederen die ze het meest geschikt
waren om te produceren vanwege natuurlijke en verworven voordelen
o Smith's handelstheorie is bekend komen te staan als de theorie van het absolute
voordeel
De principes van politieke economie en belastingen, David Ricardo
o Het principe van comparatief voordeel stelt dat alle naties kunnen profiteren van
handel
o "Doe waar je goed in bent, importeer de rest"
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